Ethical behaviour in business

Moral conduct in business Morals by and large methods inspiration for gathering of individuals or network for ideas.â Properties like genuineness, trust, obligation and your conduct towards others. (http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_ethical_behaviour , 2010). Moral conduct is helpful in all foundation of life and work. In our life it is useful in every single diverse relationship like supervisor and representative, worker and customer or even in close to home life connections like dad and child, Student and instructor. The utilization of moral conduct consistently pays us in since quite a while ago run. Morals are a lot of standards on which our life runs. Without morals our life is useless as we dont realize what we are doing. At first we take in morals from our folks, educator and society where we live. Moral standards of ones life characterize their character and estimations of life. It is a venturing stone of the achievement. An individual can't get fruitful in their existence without having great moral conduct as your ethic thinks about others. For instance useful for good and terrible for awful. In this worldwide world we manage individuals from better places with various arrangement of moral conduct thinking about their strict and social conduct. While managing individuals from various culture and religion we need know their morals so we dont hurt them in at any rate. What's more, positive methodology is additionally a fundamental idea in Ethical conduct. It causes you to set points and focuses in your life. On opposite side negative moral methodology brings about clashes, misfortune and disappointment. A genuine model is Adolf Hitler whose adverse moral conduct influences a great many individuals. Advantages of Ethical conduct are as per the following:- Interestingly, it can grow a business to extraordinary statures. This is on the grounds that doing what you ought to do will build up a control which will support your work practices to an elevated level and set an exclusive expectation. It has been believed to advance cooperation among laborers. This is on the grounds that there is extraordinary regard put in basic issues in the work place. It likewise manufactures certainty which will mean trust among laborers. Trust in your vocation is one priceless ascribe that can clear approach to advance and incredible achievement. A positive moral conduct assists with affecting others. Moral strategic approaches incorporate guaranteeing that the most elevated legitimate and good principles are seen in your associations with the individuals in your business network. This remembers the most notable individual for business, client. Transient benefit at the expense of losing a client is long haul passing for your business. A notoriety for moral choices manufactures trust in your business among business partners and providers. Solid provider connections are basic to an effective business. Consider the issues you may have in the event that you were unable to gracefully what the client needsat the time that they need it. (http://www.entre-ed.org/_teach/ethics.htm) The objectives of everyday authoritative execution are convincing to such an extent that there is brief period or tendency to occupy consideration regarding the ethical substance of hierarchical dynamic. Profound quality seems, by all accounts, to be so obscure and subjective in nature that it needs considerable connection to objective and quantitative execution. Plus, understanding the importance of morals and ethical quality requires the offensive revamping of since quite a while ago overlooked study hall considers. What could Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle train us about the world that stands up to associations moving toward the twenty-first century? Potentially a hole in philosophical information exists between authoritative officials and heads of various ages. However, similar to it or not, there has and will keep on being a flood of enthusiasm for morals. The word morals is regularly in the news nowadays. Morals is a philosophical term gotten from the Greek word ethos significance character or custom. This definition is fitting to powerful initiative in associations in that it means an association code passing on moral uprightness and predictable qualities in support of the general population. Certain associations will invest in a way of thinking in a proper proclamation of a Code of Ethics or Standards of Conduct. Having done as such, the recorded vision is appropriated or retired, and very regularly that will be that. Different associations, in any case, will be worried about parts of morals of more noteworthy explicitness, value, and consistency. (http://construct.haifa.ac.il/~danielp/soc/sims.htm) A genuine case of moral conduct is Hindu morals. Hindu morals is for the most part abstract or individual, its motivation being to wipe out such mental pollutions as ravenousness and selfishness, for a definitive accomplishment of the most elevated great. One can't accomplish great moral conduct in the event that you have insatiability and sense of self in you for other people. Hindu morals characterizes the people position in the public eye in regards to others and social government assistance. Destinations of Hindu morals is to help the citizenry to free themselves of self-centredness, pitilessness, ravenousness, and different indecencies, and in this way to make a domain accommodating to the quest for the most noteworthy great, which rises above society. Hinduism further discusses certain all inclusive moral standards which apply to every single individual independent of their situation in the public eye or stage throughout everyday life.( http://www.hinduism.co.za/ethics.htm ) Another case of moral conduct is from my reasonable experience. There are high morals I have seen at my work place. Moral conduct and its impacts on other staff individuals have been viewed as truly. On the colleague notice board there is an extraordinary corner on which moral conduct at work place has been composed which is for everybody from high post to passage level. The moral conduct is characterized near the companys qualities and culture. The whole representatives have given an option to talk if untrustworthy choices, for example, cheat, take and so forth, have occurred at work. End:- Indeed I accept that the utilization of moral conduct will pay off in since a long time ago run assumes an imperative job in our life. In the event that an individual has a decent moral qualities he will consistently be recollected by his partners or companions or society. Moral Behavior IN BUSINESS WORLD : 2) In business morals assumes an imperative job. For accomplishment of association we have to build up a lot of qualities and characterize the moral conduct at working environment. It is extremely hard to characterize moral conduct at work place as scarcely two individuals has same arrangement of moral qualities yet in association they need to follow esteems which suites everybody. As we as a whole realize that in todays serious business condition moral conduct is must to follow to increase solid benefit and to make a development for the organization or association. Morals take a shot at various extent in business world. For instance: money related division and deals part, property segment and etc.of the organization or association. Moral conduct chips away at two ways, great moral conduct helps in the advancement of the organization yet untrustworthy conduct turns into a fiasco for the organization. Though dishonest conduct for the organization lead to diminish in the yield of the organization or association. It likewise brings about the liquidation, loss of clients and decrease underway. Moral initiative is an administration that is associated with driving in a way that regards the rights and poise of others As pioneers are commonly in a place of social force, moral authority centers around how pioneers utilize their social force in the choices they make, activities they take part in and ways they impact others. Pioneers who are moral show a degree of uprightness that is significant for animating a feeling of pioneer dependability, which is significant for supporters to acknowledge the vision of the pioneer. These are basic and direct parts to driving morally. The character and honesty of the pioneer give the premise to individual qualities that direct a pioneers moral convictions, qualities, and choices. Singular qualities and convictions sway the moral choices of pioneers. Pioneers who are moral are individuals oriented,and additionally mindful of how their choices sway others, and utilize their social capacity to serve everyone's benefit rather than self-serving interests. In moral initiative it is significant for the pioneer to think about how their choices sway others Moral pioneers demonstrate as shelter for the organization or an association as they can lead effectively their collaborators and representatives on the grounds that moral heads effectively manage various individuals from various societies. Moral pioneers takes a shot at the standards on the benefit of the organization. For good association pioneer should inform their workers regarding their presentation refreshes and such qualities like cooperation, desire, genuineness, productivity, quality, achievement, and devotion. Generally, the perspective on initiative has been that the fundamental objective of pioneers is to build creation and benefits. The customary perspective on administration is gradually lessening, as more scholars are declaring that pioneers likewise have the duty regarding guaranteeing principles of good and moral direct. Great authority alludes not exclusively to skill, however to morals and changing individuals too. Moral pioneers assume a significant job in the public arena since they are rousing others, they are provide a guidance to others to accomplish that work or errand like they are telling. They are making a way for those individuals those impact from them. you can take a case of Mahatma Gandhi. He will consistently be recalled by his moral conduct as consistently represented the great and consistently ponders the altruism of the individuals and not for himself as it were. Peacefulness is the significant thing that individuals follow from him. Morals is an assemblage of standards or principles of human direct that oversee the conduct of people and gatherings. While moral conduct depends on a lot of qualities and standards, moral conduct goes past unimportant conviction; it likewise incorporates activities of people, gatherings and associations. For there to be moral b

Marketing Mix for Comparison of Woolworths - myassignmenthelp

Question: Examine about theMarketing Mix for Comparison of Woolworth. Answer: Examination of Aldi and Woolworths showcasing blend procedure Promoting blend alludes to the activity and strategies that can be utilized in the wake of assembling the item to the point that it is conveyed to the clients. The 4p methodology is known to be the item, place, value, advancement methodologies that is done after the sectioning focusing on situating of their items or administrations. Coming up next is the point by point conversation of the item blend of two stores of Woolworths and Aldi (Wilson and Gilligan 2012). Item Woolworths are engaged in offering quality and openness of their item. Sound and healthy items are sold in the grocery store. Likewise, Woolworths gives items concurring their clients needs. They likewise offer their in-house marked items, which are viewed as of their clients sees quality. The accomplishment of this item procedure relies on the conveyance execution of the organization (Armstrong et al. 2015). This component of advertising is most significant piece of market blend methodology. The quality affirmation arrangement of Woolworths guarantees the incredible incentive in their items just as the restricted assistance they given. What's more, Woolworths dynamic capacity in advancement is the thing that gives them a key favorable position in the serious situating. Then again, Aldi additionally offers its own marked items yet their objective section of clients comprises of lower salary bunch than Woolworths clients. Aldi in-house items additionally look after quality. Their items contributions are additionally have huge relationship with season. Aldi offers different items that are of acceptable quality and less expensive in examination, which pulls in huge client gatherings (Wilson and Gilligan 2012). Cost Value alludes to the estimation of the clients spending. The expense of creation is the factor that should be thought of. Evaluating techniques for Woolworths is extremely unique in nature and changes with financial determinants, which change occasionally. The limited time deal and offers and limits are in valuing offers individuals in their items buy draws in the clients. The rebate and coupons help in enlarging the clients base of their organization (Armstrong et al. 2015). The advancement in evaluating procedures embraced by the clients additionally helps in pulling in the clients. The maintenance technique can likewise be created by the worth that they offer on their estimating. The rebate offers are useful in pulling in clients and in holding the clients. In any case, Woolworths has faith in not just in valuing methodology, that pulls in clients, the quality consistently matters. Then again, Aldi is known to offer less expensive cost in items. They additionally pass by the unit estimating system. The blend of entrance evaluating, serious estimating and mental valuing methodology is additionally applied in Aldi. The low net revenue on the non-food things that the organization sells is exceptionally alluring for individuals in Australia (Shank and Lyberger 2014). Spot Woolworths have numerous helpful stores situated on the regions and available to clients. Availability of the items is the thing that this component of advertising blend techniques deals with. Picking a vital area is the thing that makes the spot factor works all the more appropriately (Shank and Lyberger 2014). Woolworths online availability gives it increasingly vital bit of leeway for accommodation to the clients. In spite of the fact that the retail sections consistently thinks about the vital bit of leeway of any area, the minimisation of burn through at the hour of transportation of products must be remembered. Woolworths is one among the contender is worldwide retail that takes this factor into account. Then again, the Aldi keeps its stores design straightforward for clients. Simpler accessibility for their clients to buy limits dependent on the transportation. Online site of Aldi is very mainstream and furthermore the advantageous versatile application is accessible for their clients (Grant 2016). Advancement The special exercises of items are reliant upon the perceivability of the organization. To make the limited time procedure is to make individuals mindful of their items. Distinctive shopper plans and dependability projects can do it. Woolworths technique of limited time action is media based ads. Announcement publicizing in a zone that are sensibly more mainstream than the other are additionally imparted to the objective market (Grant 2016). This correspondence medium is known to be more successful than others are. Distinctive item inventory are additionally given to the stores, which are retail location for the organization. Then again, being taking a shot at lower overall revenue, Aldi considers distinctive open social technique for publicizing their item. Internet based life showcasing is likewise accomplished for Aldi increment in correspondence with their clients for powerful advertising procedures (Helm and Gritsch 2014). The printed list, magazine, and TV is likewise utilized for limited time exercises for compelling promoting correspondence. Reference Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M. furthermore, Brennan, R., 2015.Marketing: a presentation. Pearson Education. Wilson, R.M. furthermore, Gilligan, C., 2012.Strategic promoting the executives. Routledge. Award, R.M., 2016.Contemporary Strategy Analysis Text Only. John Wiley Sons. Rudder, R. what's more, Gritsch, S., 2014. Looking at the impact of vulnerability on promoting blend procedure components in developing business to business send out markets.International Business Review,23(2), pp.418-428. Shank, M.D. what's more, Lyberger, M.R., 2014.Sports showcasing: A key point of view. Routledge. Delegate, T., 2014.Strategic advertising: a presentation. Routledge.

Fall 2017 New Students Series Lan Hoang COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Fall 2017 New Students Series Lan Hoang COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog In today’s installment of our New Students Series,  we’re welcoming Lan Hoang, from Hanoi, Vietnam.  Lans interest in international affairs began with a senior thesis project about Vietnamese refugees while studying at the University of Hong Kong. After graduation she spent some time with the United Nations in Bangkok, where she worked on migration-policy issues in the Asia-Pacific region. Lans background pairs nicely with her chosen concentration, Human Rights and Humanitarian Policy. Attending SIPA has been a lifelong ambition, as she grew up flipping through the pages of Columbia University publications. Howd she get access? Well, Lans father is actually a 1995 SIPA  graduate. Despite her preparedness  for the program, she said she was surprised to read her acceptance letter and jumped for joy upon reading the good news. Lan, were happy to have you here, too! Full Name: Lan Hoang Age: 24 Degree Program: Master of Public Administration Concentration: Human Rights and Humanitarian Policy Hometown: Hanoi, Hanoi, Vietnam Undergraduate University: University Of Hong Kong Undergraduate Major: International Politics and Sociology Undergraduate Graduation Year: 2015 What’s your professional background? Graduated in the summer of 2015, my professional journey of two years revolve around social development and particularly migration policies. It all began with my senior years thesis on the welfare of Vietnamese and African asylum-seekers in Hong Kong. This led me to learn about the heart-wrenching stories of the suffering faced by the Vietnamese refugees, my fellow countrymen, since the end of the Vietnam War. This sparked my interests in the different types of cross-border movements. I then went on to conduct research on the empowerment of migrants and their families for a research institute in Kyrgyzstan, as well as gender equality in Vietnam. This was followed by a one-and-a-half year stint with various United Nations agencies in Bangkok, working on high-level dialogues on migration policy in the Asia-Pacific region. Did you apply to SIPA to change careers or to gain experience in a career path you already have experience in? Applying to SIPA, I hope to leverage my research skills and professional experience in migration policies. This is to address situations of vulnerable migrants in the Asia-Pacific region, particularly those of refugees, asylum-seekers, and female migrants. That said, I have also had a growing interest in the field of data science and technology. Furthermore, I realize the importance and benefits of being open to new experiences, so I am very excited to see how my professional interests evolve throughout the next 2 years! What was your reaction when you found out you were accepted to SIPA? Disbelief! It was a very late Friday night in Bangkok when I anxiously opened my SIPA portal account. The wait was starting to wear me down and my tendency to be self-critical probably didnt help either. Then the confetti shot across the laptop screen and I found myself jumping up and down with my partner. This feeling of joy and disbelief didnt go away until a few days later. Why did you say yes to SIPA? My dad attended Columbia SIPA and graduated in 1995. As cliche as it sounds, my dream of attending SIPA grew as I was flicking through the Columbia Alumni Magazines sent to him each year in high school. That was a vague and much more naive dream of my younger self. As the years passed and my professional goal took its current form, I realize SIPA is the perfect place for me to pursue a career in the policy field with an international outlook and the UNs presence. Also, who doesnt love being in NYC? And so these reasons are enough to me to pick SIPA over other similar top-ranked graduate schools in the US and Europe. What do you most look forward to as a graduate student at SIPA? The classmates from different corners of the globe. The exposure to a wide range of policy topics. The endless (but also very competitive) opportunities to pursue my professional goals. Do you have any apprehensions about starting graduate school? Financial expenses while at SIPA and in NYC! Despite receiving a partial scholarship from SIPA, the tuition bills took away quite some joy from the initial thought of attending SIPA. That said, I know a SIPA education is a professional (and personal) investment. This is also the common concern among both incoming and current SIPA students and I love the we-are-in-this-together spirit that it creates as a result. What are your goals after SIPA? Post-SIPA, my grand professional vision is to join the bilateral and multilateral efforts to protect migrants at the International Organization for Migration UN Migration Agency. I would be at the forefront of formulating policies for effective migration governance that adheres to international standards and fulfills migrants’ fundamental rights. Im also mindful that this goal my change, but perhaps most importantly is to become more well-rounded and more attuned to the policy challenges throughout the international community. If you could change one small thing about your community, country or the world, what would it be? Perhaps just one small tweak in the way our brains are wired, so that we would have a much easier time picking up new languages. That way language barriers would no longer exist (while we are still able to preserve the cultural values carried through languages) and thus people around the world would be able to communicate with one another better. This thought certainly needs more fine-tuning, but it comes from my own frustration that emerged from the years gallivanting through the less English-speaking parts of the world. Tell us something interesting about yourself: Apart from being a self-proclaimed photography enthusiast, movie buff and book lover, Im very excited to be joining the Lindy Hop (swing dance) scene in NYC and living near Harlem where the dance came from! [Photo courtesy of Lan Hoang] *Note: This series is published in its original form with no editing.

Fall 2017 New Students Series Lan Hoang COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Fall 2017 New Students Series Lan Hoang COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog In today’s installment of our New Students Series,  we’re welcoming Lan Hoang, from Hanoi, Vietnam.  Lans interest in international affairs began with a senior thesis project about Vietnamese refugees while studying at the University of Hong Kong. After graduation she spent some time with the United Nations in Bangkok, where she worked on migration-policy issues in the Asia-Pacific region. Lans background pairs nicely with her chosen concentration, Human Rights and Humanitarian Policy. Attending SIPA has been a lifelong ambition, as she grew up flipping through the pages of Columbia University publications. Howd she get access? Well, Lans father is actually a 1995 SIPA  graduate. Despite her preparedness  for the program, she said she was surprised to read her acceptance letter and jumped for joy upon reading the good news. Lan, were happy to have you here, too! Full Name: Lan Hoang Age: 24 Degree Program: Master of Public Administration Concentration: Human Rights and Humanitarian Policy Hometown: Hanoi, Hanoi, Vietnam Undergraduate University: University Of Hong Kong Undergraduate Major: International Politics and Sociology Undergraduate Graduation Year: 2015 What’s your professional background? Graduated in the summer of 2015, my professional journey of two years revolve around social development and particularly migration policies. It all began with my senior years thesis on the welfare of Vietnamese and African asylum-seekers in Hong Kong. This led me to learn about the heart-wrenching stories of the suffering faced by the Vietnamese refugees, my fellow countrymen, since the end of the Vietnam War. This sparked my interests in the different types of cross-border movements. I then went on to conduct research on the empowerment of migrants and their families for a research institute in Kyrgyzstan, as well as gender equality in Vietnam. This was followed by a one-and-a-half year stint with various United Nations agencies in Bangkok, working on high-level dialogues on migration policy in the Asia-Pacific region. Did you apply to SIPA to change careers or to gain experience in a career path you already have experience in? Applying to SIPA, I hope to leverage my research skills and professional experience in migration policies. This is to address situations of vulnerable migrants in the Asia-Pacific region, particularly those of refugees, asylum-seekers, and female migrants. That said, I have also had a growing interest in the field of data science and technology. Furthermore, I realize the importance and benefits of being open to new experiences, so I am very excited to see how my professional interests evolve throughout the next 2 years! What was your reaction when you found out you were accepted to SIPA? Disbelief! It was a very late Friday night in Bangkok when I anxiously opened my SIPA portal account. The wait was starting to wear me down and my tendency to be self-critical probably didnt help either. Then the confetti shot across the laptop screen and I found myself jumping up and down with my partner. This feeling of joy and disbelief didnt go away until a few days later. Why did you say yes to SIPA? My dad attended Columbia SIPA and graduated in 1995. As cliche as it sounds, my dream of attending SIPA grew as I was flicking through the Columbia Alumni Magazines sent to him each year in high school. That was a vague and much more naive dream of my younger self. As the years passed and my professional goal took its current form, I realize SIPA is the perfect place for me to pursue a career in the policy field with an international outlook and the UNs presence. Also, who doesnt love being in NYC? And so these reasons are enough to me to pick SIPA over other similar top-ranked graduate schools in the US and Europe. What do you most look forward to as a graduate student at SIPA? The classmates from different corners of the globe. The exposure to a wide range of policy topics. The endless (but also very competitive) opportunities to pursue my professional goals. Do you have any apprehensions about starting graduate school? Financial expenses while at SIPA and in NYC! Despite receiving a partial scholarship from SIPA, the tuition bills took away quite some joy from the initial thought of attending SIPA. That said, I know a SIPA education is a professional (and personal) investment. This is also the common concern among both incoming and current SIPA students and I love the we-are-in-this-together spirit that it creates as a result. What are your goals after SIPA? Post-SIPA, my grand professional vision is to join the bilateral and multilateral efforts to protect migrants at the International Organization for Migration UN Migration Agency. I would be at the forefront of formulating policies for effective migration governance that adheres to international standards and fulfills migrants’ fundamental rights. Im also mindful that this goal my change, but perhaps most importantly is to become more well-rounded and more attuned to the policy challenges throughout the international community. If you could change one small thing about your community, country or the world, what would it be? Perhaps just one small tweak in the way our brains are wired, so that we would have a much easier time picking up new languages. That way language barriers would no longer exist (while we are still able to preserve the cultural values carried through languages) and thus people around the world would be able to communicate with one another better. This thought certainly needs more fine-tuning, but it comes from my own frustration that emerged from the years gallivanting through the less English-speaking parts of the world. Tell us something interesting about yourself: Apart from being a self-proclaimed photography enthusiast, movie buff and book lover, Im very excited to be joining the Lindy Hop (swing dance) scene in NYC and living near Harlem where the dance came from! [Photo courtesy of Lan Hoang] *Note: This series is published in its original form with no editing.

Essay on Legalization of Prostitution in the United States...

In his book Love For Sale, Nils Johan Ringdal wrote, â€Å"If nobody wants to sell sex, it is a crime to force anyone to do so. But when men or women do want to sell their bodies, they should have that full right without encountering punishment or discrimination.† Prostitution, often described as the world’s oldest profession is a legitimate criminal offence in 109 countries of the world today (â€Å"Human Trafficking Statistics†). Laws on prostitution vary considerably from country to country: in some countries it is punishable by death penalty (Iran - Facts on Trafficking†), in some it is a crime punishable by prison sentence, while in other jurisdictions, it is a lesser administrative offense punishable only with a fine (The Sentencing and†¦show more content†¦In 2012, 73% of Americans identified themselves as Christians (â€Å"â€Å"Nones†Ã¢â‚¬ ). In Christianity, prostitution is not only considered morally wrong, it is openly condemn ed. The Bible views a prostitute as a degraded human being who deserves severe punishment. Leviticus 21:9 declares, â€Å"If a priest’s daughter defiles herself by becoming a prostitute, she disgraces her father; she must be burned in the fire.† The Bible also states that the Lord refuses to accept any money earned through prostitution. Deuteronomy 23:18 states, â€Å"You must not bring the earnings of a female prostitute or of a male prostitute into the house of the LORD your God to pay any vow, because the LORD your God detests them both.† It can therefore be deduced why it might be rational for the government of a country where Christianity is the dominant religion, to criminalize prostitution. However if the goal of criminalization is to end prostitution, it is clearly not yielding the desired results. Making the act of selling sex illegal actually causes the sex workers to go further underground, making them more vulnerable to police and poor working conditions. It creates a culture permitting violence against sex workers. In countries such as China, Cambodia and Vietnam where prostitution is also illegal, sex workers are detained in facilities for ‘rehabilitation’ or ‘re-education through labor’. The approach of these facilities is to punish sex workers for engaging in behavior that is regarded as aShow MoreRelatedMoral Or Immoral ! Should We Legalize Prostitution? Essay952 Words   |  4 Pagesor Immoral! Should we legalize prostitution? The analysis of the article; Learning from Nevada from the book The State of Sex. Tourism, Sex and Sin in the New American Heartland. Leads me to write about the social values, and moral values that contradict the acceptance of legalizing Prostitution within the United States. My opinion will be opposing the notion of any support in legalizing such immoral acts that threaten the moral fabric of the United States of America. So the issue is whether or notRead MoreThe Revolution Of New Orleans1453 Words   |  6 Pagesforty-nine, the whores in fifty-one; and when they got together they produced the native son.† This sheds some light as to how long prostitution has been a part of America. Prostitution dates back to the beginning of colonization in the United States, but wasn’t considered a legal act. At the time the laws just didn’t acknowledge what a prostitute or the act of prostitution itself was. In 1721, the French government shipped eighty women to the colony of New Orleans that housed seven hundred men to promoteRead MoreLegalization And Decriminalization Of Prostitution1141 Words   |  5 PagesFinal Paper: Legalization and Decriminalization of Prostitution The legalization and decriminalization of prostitution is a highly debated topic within the area of women’s studies. Prostitution, the sale of sexual services, has been in existence for as long as society has. 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Currently, a person participating in the crime of prostitution will be charged with a misdemeanor (Liberator 2). People every single day are being charged with a misdemeanor for this specific crime. Statistically, it may even seem like this crime is being caught more often than other, more extreme crimes. Prostitution is a strongly enforced crime that costs America large sums of moneyRead MoreAdvantages of Legalizing Prostitution1749 Words   |  7 PagesProstitution is known as the oldest profession and has been around for millenniums, dating back to Roman, Byzantine, Greek and Egyptian empires (Baldwin, 2004). The ancient cultures of those empires dealt with the needs of the group and consequently developed protocols for dealing with sexual relations that have propagated throughout time to the modern era. As a result, prostitution is prominent in society today. 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Human trafficking rings are being discovered all throughout the United States. Massage parlors are being used as a front for housing prostitution. Whether we want to address it or not, this is a prevalent social issue in our society today. Researchers Christine Harcourt, PhD, Research Fellow for theRead MoreThe Social Stance Of Prostitution1323 Words   |  6 PagesProstitution is the selling of one’s body in exchange for money, and it is the oldest occupation in the world, beginning in the early society of Mesopotamia (Fanni, 2014). Prostitutes were seen as inhumane and disease ridden since in the early 1980’s, when prostitution was most prevalent, there was an increase of HIV/AIDS because of the transferring of disease from prostitutes to their clients (Carrasquillo, 2014). Although there is such a nega tive perception of prostitution, it is a source of continuousRead MoreLegalizing Prostitution : Home Run Or Strikeout?1266 Words   |  6 PagesTerregrossa Legalizing Prostitution: Home Run or Strikeout? Worldwide the prostitution industry is worth $186 billion. In the United States the industry is worth $14.6 billion, and is known as one of the oldest â€Å"trades† practiced today. However, since prostitution is illegal the conditions for the workers are usually horrible, with many of them contracting STDs and being treated terribly by their bosses. So what would happen if we legalize prostitution? In the United States, the federal corporate

Harriet Tubman Portrait Of An American Hero - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 887 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/05/31 Category History Essay Level High school Topics: Harriet Tubman Essay Did you like this example? Kate Clifford Larson is an author of three historical biographies. These biographies are: Rosemary, The Hidden Kennedy Daughter (2015); Bound for the Promised Land: Harriet Tubman, Portrait of an American Hero (2003); and The Assassinrs Accomplice: Mary Surratt and the Plot to Kill Abraham Lincoln (2008). She has a doctorate in History at the University of New Hampshire and has graduated from Simmons College. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Harriet Tubman: Portrait Of An American Hero" essay for you Create order She had been a consultant at many museums that relate to the history of Harriet Tubman and The Underground Railroad. Larson has also received many awards, one being the Wilbur H. Siebert Award for her excellent research done on Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad. Bound for the Promised Land: Harriet Tubman, Portrait of an American Hero is the biography of Harriet Tubman which is told through Kate Clifford Larson. Throughout this biography, the life of Harriet Tubman is revealed. This story covers her life in slavery, all the way to her few last breaths and how her actions affected lives today. Araminta Minty Ross (Harriet Tubman) was born sometime in the early year of 1822 because like most slaves, she did not know her birth date. She was born on the Anthony Thompsonrs plantation. Six years later she is sold to Brodess and after a few more years, she is hired out to others who were also abusive and cruel. Between 1834 and 1836, Araminta had suffered from an almost deadly accident. She was struck over the head with an iron weigh when an owner was trying to hit a runaway slave, but hit her instead. She suffered from this accident the rest of her life. By 1844 she had married a man by the name of John Tubman. In these years she had taken on the name Harriet in honor of her mother, Mariah Ritty. After being sold again, she fears this to be a repeating pattern, so she ran away in 1849. Soon, she will become one of the most famous conductors of the underground railroad. She had met many people that have helped her achieve her heroic doings. Most of these people were freed blacks and quakers who were willing to help, and an occasional white who felt sympathetic. These people helped her hide and had hidden other slaves; they provided materials to help them move along. Tubman was a very intelligent and a resourceful person. These traits allowed her to make her thirteen trips back to retrieve her family members and others. She preferred traveling in the winter because there was more time to travel during the darkened hours of night. She would dress in middle-class styled clothes and sometimes even dressed as a male figure, so no one knew who she was. Strategically, she would plan to leave on Saturdays because the newspaper would not print on Sundays and runaway slaves couldnt be publicized until Mondayrs paper. Therefore, Harriet Tubman was wise with choosing the people she decided to get involved with. The people that she decided to associate with helped her save approximately seventy to around eighty slaves and possibly more. People believe there was an additional fifty or sixty of whom she gave detail about saving. This also was a successful plan because of her street smart actions. After many years of Tubmanrs countless trips back and forth between the Northern states/Canada and to Maryland, she had brought many slaves to freedom through The Underground Railroad. She proceeded to live in Ontario, Canada. Here, she meets John Brown, who got her involved in being more publicly active. She was part of the rescue of fugitive slaves, which was known as the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850. Soon the Civil War started; Tubman had worked as a nurse, cook, spy, teacher, and a laundress for the Union force. Under the command of Colonel James Montgomery, she was the first woman to lead an armed raid. During this they freed around 700 slaves, defeat their enemies and proceed to burn their food, buildings and other essentials that they needed. After the Civil War ends in 1865, Tubman moves back home to Auburn. She is hired out as a nurse. She still encountered inequalities from people. One incident being she was when she was heading home she was thrown of a passenger train becaus e of the racist conductor. In the 1880s she was still living on her 70 acre of land and farming it. In this time, she opens a business of making bricks with Nelson Davis, who was her second husband. Sadly, he died of tuberculosis in 1888. Tubman became even more involved in conventions and attended the suffrage movement of both whites and blacks in the 1890s. During this time she had bought out land and turned it into a home and a hospital for sickened and aged African Americans. In 1913, Harriet Tubman took her last final breaths and is buried next to her brother at the Fort Hill Cemetery in Auburn, New York. Harriet Tubman had affected many lives. After several long years she had saved countless people through slavery, the Civil War and the acts she had gotten involved in. She is the definition of an American hero through many peoples eyes. Harriet Tubman had put herself at risk a numerous amount of times to save others. Through heartache, abusive and other unacceptable behavior, she still had the heart and motivation to help others before herself.

Why Almost Everything Youve Learned About Professional Term Paper Writers Is Wrong and What You Should Know

Why Almost Everything You've Learned About Professional Term Paper Writers Is Wrong and What You Should Know An opportunity to obtain knowledge from authorities the service program will provide you with a chance to discover what great sophisticated papers will need to look like. Only writers that want to try your region of interest space will establish a bid to aid you. Professional attention given to every custom made order provides both excellent assurance and client protection at the identical time. When you've determined how you are extremely very likely to conduct your research, you've got to analyze all of the info collected from the region. You will get in touch with your writer by means of our guidance work group need to you might have to state some important points to construct your projects even more specialized. The key parts should incorporate an introduction, a body, and a conclusion. You could have a topic you must write on but have no clue how to approach it. 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Dodsons dilemma Essay Example For Students

Dodsons dilemma Essay Owen Dodson never got his big break. An exceptionally talented writer and director, Dodson hobnobbed with the movers and shakers of the black intelligentsia from W.E.B. du Bois to James Baldwin and inspired younger generations of black poets and artists. Yet Dodson, a professor of drama at Howard University for 25 years, never became a celebrated man of the theatre himself. His story is captured in Sorrow Is the Only Faithful One: The Life of Owen Dodson by City College professor James V. Hatch. The vividly written biography is based on extensive interviews with Dodson, taped a couple of years before his death, as well as conversations with numerous friends and colleagues. Dodson, born in 1914, grew up in what was then the ethnically mixed neighborhood of East New York in Brooklyn. Born to a middle-class family who valued literature and education, Dodsons gift for the written word flourished during his student days at Bates College in Lewiston, Me., where a stream of literary successes at the undergraduate level landed him an invitation to the Yale School of Drama. There he witnessed successful productions of his highly poetic dramas Divine Comedy, about the Great Depression preacher cure con-artist, Father Divine, and Garden of Time, a reworking of the Medea story transplanted to the postbellum South. Upon graduating in 1939, Dodson accepted a teaching and directing job at Spelman, Atlantas prestigious black womens college. a decision which launched him on an extraordinary teaching career but effectively ended his higher aspirations as a real artist. In Atlanta, Dodson was introduced to the eccentrics and iconoclasts of the black literati. During Dodsons 1940-42 stint in the Navy, he managed to convince superiors to develop a department of drama, for which he wrote and directed a series of morale-building plays and pageants honoring naval heroes and great Negro leaders. His epic pageant New World A-Coming, featured as part of the Negro Freedom Rally in June of 1944, was staged at Madison Square Garden. The event, organized by the indefatigable Harlem congressman Adam Clayton Powell and his Negro Labor Victory Committee, was a huge triumph for Dodson. A multiracial audience of 25,000 crammed into the arena to view the spectacle, which was praised by New York mayor Fiorella H. LaGuardia. Dodson began his Howard career in 1947, joining Anne Cookes newly created drama department, which stressed professionalismnot commercialism and total theatre. Dodson directed Arthur Millers All My Sons in 1948 and for the first time white critics came to Howard to review. He worked with the gifted but fickle James Baldwin on his 1954 play The Amen Corner (Baldwin promised Dodson he could direct Blues for Mr. Charlie on Broadway, but later changed his mind and hired a white director) and helped to prepare exceptional actors such as Earl Hyman for the professional stage. But perhaps his most widely publicized triumph at Howard was a first-of-its-kind cultural collaboration between Scandinavia and the U.S. in 1949. Twenty-four members of the Howard drama department spent 10 weeks in the land of Swedes and fjords, presenting all-black productions of The Wild Duck, directed by Anne Cooke, and Mambas Daughters, an American play directed by Dodson. Hatch notes that the tour inspired the U.S. State Department to request legislation that would enable the United States Information Service to bring American dance, film, art, music and theatre to the world. Dodsons later years were not easy. He suffered hip and knee problems and was forced to undergo several operations. A drinking problem which began in the 1950s exacerbated by unresolved anxieties about his homosexuality steadily worsened as the years progressed. After a forced early retirement from Howard in 1967, Dodson continued to write, lecture, direct occasionally and socialize with the bohemian elite until his death in 1983. .ue1e3333fd18b9daeea9f5dec083bd9b0 , .ue1e3333fd18b9daeea9f5dec083bd9b0 .postImageUrl , .ue1e3333fd18b9daeea9f5dec083bd9b0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue1e3333fd18b9daeea9f5dec083bd9b0 , .ue1e3333fd18b9daeea9f5dec083bd9b0:hover , .ue1e3333fd18b9daeea9f5dec083bd9b0:visited , .ue1e3333fd18b9daeea9f5dec083bd9b0:active { border:0!important; } .ue1e3333fd18b9daeea9f5dec083bd9b0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue1e3333fd18b9daeea9f5dec083bd9b0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue1e3333fd18b9daeea9f5dec083bd9b0:active , .ue1e3333fd18b9daeea9f5dec083bd9b0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue1e3333fd18b9daeea9f5dec083bd9b0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue1e3333fd18b9daeea9f5dec083bd9b0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue1e3333fd18b9daeea9f5dec083bd9b0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue1e3333fd18b9daeea9f5dec083bd9b0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue1e3333fd18b9daeea9f5dec083bd9b0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue1e3333fd18b9daeea9f5dec083bd9b0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue1e3333fd18b9daeea9f5dec083bd9b0 .ue1e3333fd18b9daeea9f5dec083bd9b0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue1e3333fd18b9daeea9f5dec083bd9b0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A critic in every port: O brave new France EssayHis close friend Gordon Heath wrote about Dodson to a mutual friend in 1963: He has lusted after Broadway and the professional world of writing and the theatre incessantly, but he has been inexact, unspecific and wooly-minded intellectually, he has coasted on his adolescent images of life and art and his promise as one of the new Negroes. He has not decided what his job is and limited himself to it. Devoting so much of his time to fulfilling the dreams of his students, Dodson ultimately neglected to fulfill dreams of his own.

Islam And Christianity Essays - Prophets Of Islam,

Islam And Christianity Although Islam is less known than Christianity, it is the fastest growing religion in the in our country today. Islam is actually derived form Christianity. History books indicate that one night in the year 610, the first of many revelations came to Muhammad from God by way of the angel Gabriel. The message Muhammad received told him that there was but one God, not many gods, as most Arabs believed. This God was creator of the world, and He would one-day judge mankind. The word Islam means surrender or submission, submission to the will of Allah, the one God. Muslims are those who have submitted themselves. The basic creed of Islam is brief: There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is the Prophet of Allah. Islam teaches that there is one God, the creator and sustainer of the universe. This God, Allah, is compassionate and just. Because He is compassionate, He calls all people to believe in Him and worship Him. Because He is also just, on the Last Day He will judge every person according to his deeds. On the Last Day, all the dead will be resurrected and either rewarded with heaven or punished with hell. The life of each Muslim is always within the community of the faithful, all are declared to be brothers to each other, with he mission to enjoin good and forbid evil. Within the community, Muslims are expected to establish social and economic justice. They are also expected to carry their message out to the rest of the world. In the early Islamic com munity, this meant the use of force in the form of jihad, or holy war. The object of jihad was to gain political control over societies and run them in accordance with the principles of Islam. During the decades following the death of Muhammad certain essential principles were singled out from his teachings to serve as anchoring points for the Islamic community. These have come to be called the five pillars of Islam. After the sudden death of Mohammed in 632, Caliph Abu Bakr ordered one of the prophets' companions to collect, from oral and written sources, all of Mohammed's utterances. They were written in the Qur'an which is basically the ?Muslim Bible?. The Qur'an is the written version of the teachings that Mohammed preached while he was alive. A second source of guidance for most Muslims is al-Hadith (Tradition), a vast body of transmitted stories of what the Prophet said or did or what was said or done in his presence and therefore approved by him It was Muhammad's contention that Christianity had departed from belief in God's message as revealed in their Scriptures. God had sent many prophets, among them Abraham, who is considered the founder of the faith for Islam, as he is also for and Christianity. The Koran, using sources in the older Scriptures and later traditions, relates the stories of Abraham, Joseph, Moses and Aaron, David, Solomon, Jesus. After Muhammad's death in AD 632, it was feared that the content of the revelations might be lost, as those who had originally memorized it died. It was therefore decided to collect all the revelations, from what ever source, and make a compilation. Christianity and Islam are two of the most significant religions since their creation. Islam means ?submission? in Arabic, and a Muslim is one who submits to the will of God. Christians were called so because of Jesus' title Christos, which is Greek for Messiah. Both religions are very similar with only some of the beliefs and teaching s being different. They also give separate messages to outsiders as to what their religions stand for. Both religions are monotheistic with a holy text and they both strive to conquer evil. Islam has a set of rules (5 Pillars of Islam) set forth to reach enlightenment while Christians basically just sin, repent, and then are forgiven for their sins. Christianity is a much easier religion to belong to because it is a lot more lenient to what you can and cannot do as well as when and where you can do it. Islam is also more closed doors because the do not really send out missionaries looking

KKK2 essays

KKK2 essays During the winter of 1865 to 1866 in Pulaski, Tennessee, six former confederate army officers gave their society a name adapted from the Greek word "Kuklos", meaning "circle". The Ku Klux Klan began as a prankish social organization, but soon became a very serious organization which has changed the world. Its activities soon were directed against the Republican Reconstruction governments. The group had become a permanent part of history forever. Most people are familiar with the Ku Klux Klan as a secret and exclusively white group that terrorized former African American slaves following the Civil War. The "second" KKK in the 1920s was a mass movement of between 2 to 6 million members. In Atlanta, in 1915, the Klan of the WW 1 era allowed membership to white, native-born Protestant males, (otherwise know as 100% Americans). They were required to swear oaths to secrecy, obedience, fidelity, and klanishness. The "second" KKK was viewed as a response to growing demands for rights by women, African Americans, and the young. Discoverers found minutes from the 1920s Klan chapter of more than 3 hundred members of the La Grande, Oregon KKK records. The documents are the only complete set of Klan minutes ever to be discovered. The minutes provide a detailed account of the Klans proceedings for more than 18 months. They say they offer a unique perspective into the rank and file of one of the largest mass movements in the U.S. history. The documents include summaries of Klavern discussions and gossip as well as vital information on new recruits. They also included a list of names of all the 326 members of the La Grande chapter. Three hundred miles east of Portland, in the Grande Ronde Valley of Oregons Blue Mountains, La Grande served as a maintenance center for the Union Pacific Railroad. It was a huge agricultural and lumber distribution point. Close to 1,...

Ancient history compare and contrast two empires Essay

Ancient history compare and contrast two empires - Essay Example But the contributions of the Mongol empire cannot be underestimated. The empire under Khans flourished well and the popularity and fame of the empire spread far and wide across the empires of the world. The famous traveller, Marco Polo had commented the Mongol empire as prosperous and peaceful. The kingdom was united under the rulers and the military power of the kingdom was immense. The essay tries to compare the contributions of the Roman and Mongol Empire in terms of politics, trade, religion, and social history. Features of Roman Empire: The Roman Empire was considered to be the biggest ancient empire of the world that ruled probably the major parts of the world. The Great Roman Empire had both western and eastern kingdoms. The Western empire came to an end in and around 450 A.D., whereas the Eastern Empire lasted up to the year 1453, when Constantinople, the capital of Eastern Empire, fell in the hands of the Turks. The Roman Empire spread to all sides of the world. The war like nature of the Roman people made Rome a powerful Empire over other nations. They conquered almost all countries to four sides of the nation. The Roman rule in those areas made a permanent landmark of the rule in terms of Roman building and sculptures. In considering the religion of the Roman Empire one can see the slow pace of the Empire from paganism to Christianity. The Romans, just like the Greek had their own gods and there had many temples for the gods in the Empire. Valerie M. Warrior clearly observes; â€Å"The Romans worshiped a wide range of gods† (Warrior 9). The entire Empire had beliefs in the mythic Roman religion. The wars like gods represent the war like nature of the people. At first the Roman rulers were against Christianity and many of them had persecuted the Christians. It was Constantine in A.D. 312 declared Christianity as the official religion of Rome. There after the spread of Christianity was amazing in the kingdom. So the Romans had different religiou s faiths. The politics of the Roman Empire was strong in the beginning and it is the cause for its fall too. Peter V. Jones and Keith C. Sidwel mention that; â€Å"Roman generals in the field regularly resorted to acts of looting, reprisal, massacres, mass deportations, and enslavements† (Jones & Sidwell 25). Rome was ruled by great statesmen like Julius and Octavius Caesars. Democracy was flourished in Rome. The Senate had a predominant role over the rule of the different statesmen. In respect to the trade of the Empire one can find that Rome was a dominant nation of the time. It had trade with many of the Eastern countries. The Romans had a flourishing trade with African countries. When it conquered Egypt there opened a way for trade and commerce with the countries near Egypt. The same is with the nations in Turkey and the Eastern countries. Features of Mongol empire: Apart from the history of the great Roman Empire the Mongol empire was short lived. It lasted for only 200 years. The founder of the Mongol empire, Genghis Khan made it much popular. His grandson named as Kubilai Khan made this popularity far and wide. â€Å"Mongols could build a vast world empire faster than any people before or after them. It is Mongols who united Eurasia in a truly international trading system and encouraged new forms of communication. The Mongols showed the value of

Econ 212 G sangkeun Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Econ 212 G sangkeun - Essay Example But Brooks is of the opinion that the haphazard growth of suburban outskirts is now becoming the kind of 'improvement' with people from different nationalities residing there. On the other hand, Katz finds that the suburban growth is a compulsion for the people of mainland as well as the immigrant population. Comparing the views of both the writers, I feel that the views expressed by Katz reflect the situation more realistically the Brooks. Katz calls upon the respective governments to become more responsive towards the growth of suburban areas. He terms the apparent practice of viewing it as the concentration of poorer people in the suburbs not a good policy on the part of the government. While sympathizing with the people settling in the outskirts, Katz finds out that the state laws are also responsible for compounding the problems. Katz states that if the suburbs will continue to be ignored by the governments, then the patterns of metropolitan growth would not only become fiscally, socially, and environmentally unsustainable, but it will also become damaging for our society as well. ii. As we are moving in the 21st century, we are indeed way ahead of the industrial revolution set off by our ancestors in the early 18th century. The world has indeed reaped rich benefits from this industrialization.

Contrast Media and Intravenous Urography

Contrast Media and Intravenous Urography Introduction The practice of clinical diagnostic radiology has been made possible by advances not only in diagnostic equipment and investigative techniques, but also in the contrast media that permit visualisation of the details of the internal structure or organs that would not otherwise be demonstrable. The remarkably high tolerance of modern contrast media has been achieved through successive developments in chemical pharmacological technology. A single dose of X-ray contrast medium commonly contains upwards of 2000 times as much iodine as in the total physiological body content, and yet it is cleared from the system rapidly and naturally, usually with no adverse effects at all. The choice of contrast medium has always been a matter of debate, but is ultimately the responsibility of the radiologist. In order to be able to make a rational decision as to the selection of contrast media, it is necessary to have some understanding of the physical and physiological principles involved. The objective is to provide a background for non-specialists on this complicated specialist subject. Why contrast media are necessary Different tissues within the body attenuate the beam of X-rays to different degrees. The degree of attenuation of an X-ray beam by an element is complex, but one of the major variables is the number of electrons in the path of the beam with which it can interact. The number of electrons in the path of the beam is dependent upon three factors: The thickness of the substance being studied Its density The number of electrons per atom of the element (which is equal to its atomic number) In a complex mixture of elements, which is of course what we are concerned with in the organs of a patient, the degree of attenuation is particularly influenced by the average of the atomic numbers of all the atoms involved. Where there is a considerable difference between the densities of two organs, such as between the solid muscle of the heart and the air in the lungs, then the outlines of the structures can be visualised on a radiograph because of the natural contrast that exists. Similarly, if there is a difference between the average atomic numbers of two tissues, such as between soft tissues, which are composed of elements of low atomic number, and bone, which is partly composed of the element calcium, with a rather higher atomic number, then the outlines of the different structures can be seen by natural contrast. However, if the two organs have similar densities and similar average atomic numbers, then it is not possible to distinguish them on a radiograph, because no natura l contrast exists. This situation commonly occurs in diagnostic radiography, so that, for example, it is not possible to identify blood vessels within an organ, or to demonstrate the internal structure of the kidney, without artificially altering one of the factors mentioned earlier. Two of the factors important in organ contrast can be artificially altered, the density of an organ, and, more usefully, the average atomic number of a structure. The density of a hollow organ can be reduced by filling it with gas or air, providing negative contrast. This is mainly of historical significance, but is still used when, for example, gas is introduced into the stomach or colon during a double-contrast barium examination. The average atomic number of hollow structure such as a blood vessel can be increased by filling the cavity with a liquid of much higher average atomic number (such as iodine containing contrast medium) than that of blood. In fact this is the principle by which contrast media consist of solutions or suspensions of non-toxic substances that contain a significant proportion of elements of high atomic number, usually iodine. EXAMINATION USE CONTRAST MEDIA common are described below. It should be noted that the volume, strength, as well as the type of contrast medium, will vary between patients according to the examination type and radiologists requirements. 1. Angiography Angiography is the general term which describes the investigation of blood vessels. Usually a distinction between arteriography and venography is made, depending on the kind of blood vessel (artery or vein) which is examined. Arteriography In arteriography a contrast medium is introduced via a catheter into an artery, which makes the lumen of that vessel opaque to X-rays. The natural flow of blood carries the contrast medium peripherally, and by taking a series of radiographs the radiologist can obtain images akin to a road map of the blood supply to an organ, or a limb. Localised narrowing or obstruction of an artery or a pathological circulation in a tumour can then be identified. Sometimes the radiologist may then proceed to treat the patient using the catheter system, which was introduced initially for diagnosis. Arteriography is relatively time consuming for the radiologist depending on the complexity,  ½ hour 2 hours, or even longer can be spent on the procedure. Venography (phlebography) The natural flow of blood in veins is towards the heart, and by injection of a contrast medium into a peripheral vein, a map of the venous drainage of a limb can be obtained. The larger size and greater number of peripheral veins, and the fact that the flow of blood is much slower in veins than in arteries,means that it is usual for the radiologist to take several radiographs of each area with the limb in different positions. The commonest indication for venography is to confirm a suspected diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis of the leg. Venography is also performed on organs within the body by introducing a catheter into a peripheral vein and manipulating it into an organ. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) A special type of angiography is digital subtraction angiography (DSA). These procedures involve the use of specialised electronic equipment, computing and radiographic hardware to produce rapid sequential images. The DSA image is produced by electronically subtracting images without contrast media from images after contrast media injection. The result of this subtraction process is the visualisation of contrast filled vessels which are free from the distraction of overlying structures. 2. Intravenous urography (IVU), intravenous pyelography (IVP) When injected intravenously, most contrast media are rapidly excreted by the kidneys, and a series of radiographs taken after the injection will demonstrate the urinary tract. Intravenous urography is still the basic radiological examination of the urinary tract. The main indication is to assess the morphology of the kidneys. Further indications are: detection of kidney stones and calcifications in the ureter or bladder, assessment of obstructed urinary flow and investigation of patients with haematuria (the passage of blood in urine). Children may be investigated for congenital abnormalities of the urinary tract. In recent years for some investigations of the urinary tract, particularly uncomplicated infection, an ultrasound examination and plain abdominal radiograph have replaced intravenous urography as the initial investigation of the urinary tract. 3. Computed tomography (CT) Since 1973 an imaging technique known as computed tomography (CT) has developed to become one of the most important radiological examinations in the industrialised countries. CT uses conventional X-rays in a thin nondivergent beam to produce cross sectional images of the body. The X-ray tube and an array of detectors mounted within a supporting framework, rotate round the patient with each scan. CT produces digitalized images, although these are usually printed onto hard copy film in a format that is useful for transfer and viewing throughout the hospital. By electronic means CT improves via a higher contrast sensitivity, the natural radiological contrast between organs. However, it cannot create contrast where none exists naturally. CT is exceptionally sensitive to contrast media and can detect abnormalities, caused by disease, following an injection of an intravenous dose of contrast medium. This procedure is known as enhancing the scan. About 43% of all CT procedures involve the use of a contrast medium. CT is widely used throughout the body but the most frequently investigated areas using this technique are neuroradiology (brain and lumbar spine) and general radiology of the chest, abdomen and pelvis. It is particularly useful for the diagnosis, staging and follow up of malignant disease. 4. Myelography The spinal cord and the attendant nerve-roots which radiate from it cannot be visualised using conventional X-rays alone without the use of contrast media. They can be visualised directly using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). They can be visualised if contrast medium is injected in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which surrounds the spinal cord, rendering the CSF radio-opaque but not the cord of nerve roots. Specific contrast media have been developed for this examination. The majority of myelograms (or radiculograms) were performed to examine the lumbar region to confirm the clinical suspicion of a prolapsed intervertebral disc. However, CT and MRI have now largely replaced myelography as the initial investigation of the lumbar spine. Myelography, particularly combined with CT scanning is still used however to investigate the cord and cervical region and its nerve roots in difficult cases when other investigations are equivocal or normal. Interventional Techniques/Procedure Many radiologists are now specialised in therapeutic procedures that have bee developed from radiological diagnostic techniques using catheters and guidewires. These procedures include: The dilation of pathologically narrowed arteries angioplasty, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA). The deliberate occlusion of arteries supplying abnormal areas such as tumours, aneurysms and vascular malformations, so depriving them of their blood supply. The placement of artificial tubes or stents into blood vessels, bile ducts or ureters to bypass a pathological narrowing. These procedures often necessitate the use of high doses of contrast medium, because several examinations of the same vessels may be required during the control of the therapeutic process. Safety of Contrast Media Contrast media are among the safest of all of the pharmaceutical products available to the doctor today. They are anomalous in that they are not intended to have therapeutic activity: indeed, the ideal contrast medium would have no pharmacological activity at all. For this reason the concept of therapeutic ration, which can be applied to medicines, does not apply to contrast media. The development of a contrast medium from the first design of the molecule through to product licence takes many years. The minimum period of time that can reasonably be allotted to preclinical and clinical development is six years, and in practice it is not uncommon to take nine years or even more. During this long period, the tolerance of the medium is rigorously tested by collecting data from various preclinical and clinical trials to establish a profile for the product. One critical area examined during its development is the incidence of adverse reactions. The rate of adverse reactions to iodinated co ntrast media on the market is extremely low, but such reactions do occur just as they do with every pharmaceutical product. The adverse reactions associated with contrast media can be divided into two groups: Those reactions that are clearly dependent on the dose and concentration of the contrast medium administered and those that are almost independent of dose and concentration. Dose-dependent adverse reactions are mostly due to the physiochemical effects of the contrast medium, such as its osmolality, or electrical charge. Possible adverse reactions include heat, pain, vasodilation, cardiac depression and hypotension. The adverse reactions which are almost independent of dose and concentration are nausea and vomiting as well as allergy-like or hypersensitive reactions such a urticaria (hives), certain cardiovascular reactions, bronchospasm and laryngospasm, but there is little evidence of any antigenantibody interaction. These reactions cannot be predicted and their underlying cause remains unknown. For clinical purposes it is meaningful to divide contrast media reactions into three categories: Minor e.g. Flushing, nausea, vomiting, pruritis, mild rash, arm pain Moderate e.g. More severe urticaria, facial oedema, hypotension, bronchospasm Severe e.g. Hypotensive shock, laryngeal oedema, convulsions, respiratory and cardiac arrest Most contrast media reactions are minor and need no treatment. Moderate reactions are encountered rarely (about 1%) and severe reactions very rarely (about 0.1%), but all moderate and severe reactions require adequate treatment. Deaths following contrast media administration are extremely rare. Reported mortality rates vary between 1 in 10,000 and 1 in 169,000 averaging around 1 in 75,000. Katayama et al. (Radiology 1990; 175: 621-628) found that there is a reduction in adverse reaction rate of about four times using low osmolar contrast media (LOCM) for intravenous injection compared to high osmolar contrast media (HOCM). There is surprisingly no documented difference in mortality between intravenous LOCM and HOCM in large series from Japan and Australia. It is not usually possible to predict severe reactions, even by looking at the effect of a small test dose of a contrast medium. Guidelines have been produced for the use of low osmolar contrast agents. Risk Renal adverse reactions Contrast media-induced nephropathy is defined as impairment in renal function (an increase in serum creatinine by >25% or 44à £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬mol/L (0.5mg/dL) occurring within 3 days following the intravascular administration of contrast media in the absence of an alternative etiology Risk factors include raised s-creatinine levels particularly secondary to diabetic nephropathy, dehydration, congestive heart failure, age over 70 years old, concurrent administration of nephrotoxic drugs, e.g., non-steroidal ant-inflammatory drugs Systematically effective 1. Adequate hydration in terms of oral fluid intake or intravenous normal saline (depending on the clinical situation) at least 100 ml per hour starting 4 hours before to 24 hours after contrast administration is recommended. Concurrent administration of nephrotoxic drugs should be stopped for at least 24 hours. High osmolar contrast media, large doses of contrast media, or multiple studies with contrast media within a short period of time should be avoided. Alternative imaging techniques that do not require the administration of iodinated contrast media should be considered. Recent work in preventing and ameliorating contrast medium-induced nephropathy with N-acetyl cysteine 4-6 and various hydration regimens including use of sodium bicarbonate has been promising but is not conclusive yet. No measure has yet resulted in avoidance of its occurrence in all patients.Non-renal adverse reactions.These are generally classified as idiosyncratic or chemotoxic. Idiosyncratic (i.e., anaphylac toid) reactions occur unpredictably and independently of the dose and concentration of the agent. Most anaphylactic reactions relate to the release of active mediators. Conversely, chemotoxic-type effects relate to the dose, the molecular toxicity of each agent, and the physiologic characteristics of the contrast agents (i.e., osmolality, viscosity, hydrophilicity, calcium binding properties, and sodium content). Chemotoxic-type effects are more likely in patients who are debilitated or medically unstable 2. Acute reactions to contrast media can be divided into minor, intermediate, and severe life-threatening. Minor reactions include flushing, nausea, arm pain, pruritus, vomiting, headache, and mild urticaria. Such reactions are usually mild in severity, of short duration, selflimiting and generally require no specific treatment. Intermediate reactions are more serious degrees of the same symptoms, moderate degrees of hypotension, and bronchospasm. The reactions usually respond readily to appropriate therapy. Severe life-threatening reactions include severe manifestations of all the symptoms described as minor and intermediate reactions, plus convulsions, unconsciousness, laryngeal oedema, severe bronchospasm, pulmonary oedema, severe cardiac dysrhythmias and arrest, cardiovascular and pulmonary collapse. The prevalence of adverse reactions with lowosmolar contrast media is less than with high-osmolar contrast media by a factor of 5-6. Lethal reactionsrarely occur. The actual risk of death is less than one in 130,000 at most 3. The incidence of severe adverse reactions increases in patients with previous contrast medium reaction, bronchial asthma and allergy requiring medical treatment. Premedication with corticosteroid prophylaxis has been proved safe and effective in preventing minor adverse events in high-risk patients when ionic agents are used 4. The data indicating a protective effect of corticosteroid prophylaxis are less established when non-ionic agents are used. Opinion is divided about the value of premedication when nonionic agents are used. Even if it is given, there is a wide variety of regimes with different doses, number of doses, and frequency for corticosteroid prophylaxis. 5. A variety of symptoms (e.g. nausea, vomiting, headache, itching, skin rash, musculoskeletal pains, fever) have been described, but many are unrelated to the contrast medium. Allergy-like skin reactions are welldocumented side effects of contrast media, with an incidence of approximately 2%. Most late skin reactions after contrast medium exposure are probably T-cellmediated allergic reactions. Patients at increased risks are those with history of previous contrast medium reaction and those undergoing interleukin-2 treatment. Most skin reactions are usually mild to moderate, selflimiting and likely resolve within a week. Treatment is symptomatic and similar to the treatment of other druginduced skin reactions.Extravasation of contrast material is a well-recognised complication. The introduction of automated power injection has increased the incidence because power injection may result in extravasation of large volumes in a short period of time and may lead to severe tissue damage. Intravenous Urography Introduction Intravenous urography is a radiographic study of the  urinary system  using an intravenous contrast agent (dye). It is a medical procedure used to visualise the kidney and lower urinary tract to help diagnose problems such as infections. A contrast dye is injected into a vein on your hand or arm, and then x-rays are taken. The dye helps to outline more clearly the structure of the kidneys and lower urinary tract. The  kidneys excrete the contrast into the urine, which becomes visible when x rayed (radiopaque), creating images of the urinary collection system. An intravenous urogram is ordered to demonstrate the structure and function of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. Patients complaining of abdominal pain radiating to the back may require this exam to rule out  kidney stones. Hematuria may also be an indication of kidney stones,infection, or tumors. Patients with high blood pressure (hypertension) and recurrent bladder infections may also require an intravenous urogram (b ut hypertension usually is imaged with MRA or nuclear medicine imagery and this exam is done when renal artery stenosis is the suspected cause of refractory hypertension). Sometimes the exam is ordered to evaluate the function of the kidney in a renal transplant patient. The transplanted kidney is located in the iliac fossa, so special films of the pelvis area are done instead of the normal routine views. The radiographic technologist may also be required to take x rays in the operating room when a retrograde pyelogram is ordered by a urologist during a C and P (cystoscopy  and pyelography). Indication A normal intravenous urogram indicates no visible abnormality in the structure or function of the urinary system. The radiologist looks for a smooth non-lobulated outline of each kidney, no clubbing or other abnormality of the renal calyces (collecting system), and no abnormal fluid collection in the kidneys that could suggest obstruction. The ureters must contain no filling defects (stones) or deviations due to an adjacent tumor. The bladder must have a smooth outline and empty normally as visualized on the post-void film. Abnormal results include hydronephrosis (distension of the renal pelvis and calices due to obstruction) as a result of tumors or calculi (stones). Cysts or abscesses may also be present in the urinary system. A delay in renal function can also indicate renal disease. An abnormal amount of urine in the bladder after voiding may indicate prostate or bladder problems. Intravenous urograms are often done on children to rule out a rapid developing tumor in the kidneys, called a Wilms tumor. Children are also prone to infections of the bladder and kidneys due to urinary reflux (return back-flow of urine). Procedure The patient will be required to change into a hospital gown and empty his or her bladder. The x-ray technologist will verify that the patient has followed the bowel preparation and complete a detailed questionnaire on the current medical history of the patient. This includes previous contrast reactions, known  allergies, risks of  pregnancy, and current medications. The x-ray technologist will explain the exam in detail to the patient as well as the risks of the contrast material that will be injected intravenously. All departments require that the patient sign a consent form before the examination is started. The x-ray technologist will relay this information to the radiologist who will decide on what type of contrast will be used. Patients who have had an injection with no reaction can be given less expensive iodine based contrast, whereas patients who take various  heart  medications or those with known allergies or  asthma will be injected with a more expensive contrast agent (known as non-ionic contrast) that has fewer side effects. Some departments use the non-ionic contrast exclusively. The patient will be instructed to lie supine (face-up) on the x-ray table and a preliminary KUB will be done. This is an abdominal view of the kidneys, ureter, and bladder used to verify patient preparation, centering, and the radiographic technique needed to demonstrate all the required structures. Kidney stones may or may not be visualized on the preliminary film. The x-ray technologist prepares the required amount of contrast to be used depending on the weight of the patient (1 ml per pound). This is normally 50-75 cc of contrast for an average-sized patient. The contrast will be injected all at once (bolus injection) or in some cases, through an intravenous drip. Some radiologists prefer to start an intravenous drip with saline as a precautionary measure while others inject with a small butterfly needle. The needle usually remains in place for 10-15 minutes, in case more contrast is needed or in case drugs need to be administered because of an allergic reaction. Most reactions occur immediately but some can take place 10 or 15 minutes after the injection. The first film is taken immediately after the injection to see a detail of the renal outline (nephrogram). Films are usually taken at five-minute intervals depending on the routine of the radiologist. Compression may be applied to the lower abdomen with a wide band to keep the contrast material in the kidneys longer. This creates a more detailed image of the renal collecting system. When the compression is released after approximately 10 minutes the contrast material drains quickly and a detailed, filled image of the ureters is obtained. Films done in the upright or prone (face-down) position may also be ordered to better visualize the lower ureters. Some departments require routine renal tomographic images to be done as well when the kidneys are well visualized. This allows the kidneys to be seen free of gas or fecal shadows. Sometimes the radiologist requires oblique views of the kidneys or bladder to determine the exact location of calculi (stones). At approximately 20 minutes aft er the injection a film centered on the bladder may be required. The x-ray tube is angled slightly caudad (towards the feet) so that there is no superimposition of the pubic area of the pelvis over the bladder. The films are shown to the radiologist and if no further films are necessary the patient will be asked to void (urinate) and a post-void film will be taken. The exam can take from 30 minutes to one hour depending on the number of films required. If the kidney is obstructed, delayed films may be required to complete the exam. Patient care The x-ray technologist must work in conjunction with the doctors and nurses in making sure the patient has not had a previous allergic reaction to a contrast agent. All hospitals have an emergency team ready to react in such a situation, so the technologist must be aware of the procedure to follow when assistance is necessary due to a severe reaction. Details of patient preparation must also be communicated to the hospital wards. In some hospitals the radiologic technologists are trained to give injections, but if this is not the case nurses may be asked to install an intravenous drip before the patient is brought to the radiology department. The x-ray technologist must explain the risks of an allergic reaction to each patient even though severe reactions are extremely rare due to the advances made in the preparation of contrast agents. The x-ray technologist explains to the patient that a warm, flushed feeling or a metallic  taste  in the mouth are normal reactions in some patients. Breathing instructions are also important since the kidneys change position depending on the phase of respiration and to prevent motion artifacts. Sometimes an emergency patient with renal colic (acute abdominal pain) is asked to urinate through a special filter used to trap small stones. All radiographic technologists must be certified and registered with the American Society of Radiologic Technologists or an equivalent organization. Continued education credits are mandatory to remain registered. Risk and side effect Some of the side effects and possible complications including minor reactions to the contrast dye. It may include flushing, warmth and a metallic taste in the mouth. These usually resolve quickly. These symptoms are much less common with the newer contrast dyes. Some patient might experience severe allergic reactions. It may occur in a small percentage of the population. Symptoms range from relatively mild to severe, and can include hives (skin rash), breathing difficulties, swelling of the lips and tongue, low blood pressure and loss of consciousness. There is case when a patient experienced acute renal failure  but it occurs in less than 0.5 per cent of cases. Risk factors include advanced age, diabetes, dehydration and a past history of kidney disease. For patients with these risk factors, extra intravenous fluids, pre-treatment with acetylcysteine, and a reduced dose of contrast dye may be recommended, or they may undergo different procedures altogether. Problems that found There are several limitations of ultrasonography, CT, and MRI: lack of visualization for large portions of the urinary tract with ultrasonography, necessity of contrast agent administration and excretory images with CT, inability to visualize subtle urothelial abnormalities with sufficient spatial resolution with both CT and MRI, and insufficiency in visualizing calcifications with MRI[1]. Additional disadvantages of MRI are inconspicuousness of small intrarenal calculi, susceptibility artifact due to metallic objects that interfere with the visualization of ureteral segments, flow-related artifact in some sequences, and interference of hemorrhage into renal collecting system with static-fluid MR urography[8]. The patient effective dose, and therefore radiation risk, of CT urography is 1.5 times that of conventional urography. The increased radiation risk from a CT urography compared with an IVU should be considered in the context of the amount of information that is necessary for th e diagnostic task. Radiation risk is increased for smaller patients in CT urography and for larger patients in IVU[5]. Although CT falls short of IVU in the evaluation of urothelium, helical CT technology continues to evolve with introduction of multidetector row scanning (MDCT)[3,9]; MDCT may eventually replace IVU for the evaluation of hematuria[2,4]. Finally, there is not an optimum or ideal examination technique for CT urography[10] or MR urography. Examination techniques must be constructed according to suspected pathology of the patient and urinary system status. Although advances in imaging technology have given CT and MR urography advantages over IVU, many centers still use IVU as a part of routine radiological practice. Therefore, techniques or modifications for improving application and diagnostic capabilities of IVU should still be considered. For decades, intravenous urography has been the primary imaging modality for evaluation of the urinary tract. In recent years, however, other imaging modalities including ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging have been used with increasing frequency to compensate for the limitations of intravenous urography in the evaluation of urinary tract disease . Like intravenous urography, however, these examinations have their limitations. Large portions of the urinary tract are not visualized at US; CT requires contrast material administration and excretory images (at times with a prolonged delay), often with image reformatting for evaluation of the urothelium; and MR imaging may not demonstrate calcifications or show the urothelium with sufficient resolution for evaluation of subtle abnormalities. Thus, despite increasing use of these alternative modalities, the ideal global urinary tract examination remains controversial . Axial imaging with con trast material opacification of the urinary tract will likely evolve as the most efficient imaging evaluation. However, the declining use of intravenous urography in clinical practice reduces the opportunity to learn important interpretive skills. Formal urography (or the urographic equivalent of conventional radiography of the urinary tract following administration of contrast material for CT) is frequently performed in the evaluation of hematuria. Urography may also be performed in the pre- or posttherapeutic evaluation of stone disease that has been discovered with other modalities. BARIUM SWALLOW Introduction A barium swallow and meal is type of X-ray test that allows your doctor to examine your throat, oesophagus (the pipe that goes from your mouth to your stomach), stomach and the first part of the bowel (duodenum). X-rays usually pass straight through parts of the gut such as the oesophagus, stomach and bowel and so these structures dont show up well on plain X-ray images. However, if the gut wall is coated with barium, a white liquid that X-rays cant pass through, a much clearer image of the outline of the gut can be captured. If your stomach is being examined, the test is called a barium meal. If your oesophagus is examined at the same time, its called having a barium swallow and meal. A barium swallow and meal test can help work out why youre getting symptoms such as difficult or painful swallowing, heartburn, reflux and abdominal pain. The tests give your doctor information about the swallowing action, and

Henry Flemming Age Comparison :: essays research papers

Henry Flemming Age Comparison Henry Flemming underwent a major change as he became older. He became more courageous as an older man than he was as a youth. It may have been that he had not matured at the time of the war or that the war had changed him and made him more courageous. Regardless the reason, the older Henry Flemming was much more courageous than he was as a youth and there are a few situations in which he was able to prove that his courage had grown.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many times Henry would sit around and tell his stories of war. When he was asked if he was ever scared, Henry would tell the people listening that in fact he did get scared during battles. In fact, he even told them that at his first battle, he was so frightened that he fled from it. Telling a group of people that you had a weakness and were so scared that you had to flee from the danger takes a lot of courage. When Henry was a youth at war, he was terrified that someone would find out that he had fled and he was terrified of what people would say if they found out that he had fled, but Henry developed the courage to be able to freely admit to it and even laugh about it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Then, when he was in bed one evening, he arose out of bed to find his drunken help blabbering that the barn was on fire. When Henry ran outside, he discovered that the drunken help’s lantern had caused the fire. Then, without thinking twice, Henry ran into the barn to rescue the animals. He rescued them even after he had been injured by one or more of them. When Henry was younger at war, he would always think twice or even more than twice before he went into battle, but the older Henry did not.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After Henry thought he had rescued all of the animals and that they were safe, the drunken help reminded him of the colts that he had left in the burning barn. Henry automatically decided that he had to get the colts out of the barn. The crowd of neighbors that had gathered told him that it was too dangerous and that it was just a suicide mission. Henry looked at the burning barn and, knowing that he was risking his life, he said that he had to at least attempt to rescue the colts anyways. Henry Flemming Age Comparison :: essays research papers Henry Flemming Age Comparison Henry Flemming underwent a major change as he became older. He became more courageous as an older man than he was as a youth. It may have been that he had not matured at the time of the war or that the war had changed him and made him more courageous. Regardless the reason, the older Henry Flemming was much more courageous than he was as a youth and there are a few situations in which he was able to prove that his courage had grown.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many times Henry would sit around and tell his stories of war. When he was asked if he was ever scared, Henry would tell the people listening that in fact he did get scared during battles. In fact, he even told them that at his first battle, he was so frightened that he fled from it. Telling a group of people that you had a weakness and were so scared that you had to flee from the danger takes a lot of courage. When Henry was a youth at war, he was terrified that someone would find out that he had fled and he was terrified of what people would say if they found out that he had fled, but Henry developed the courage to be able to freely admit to it and even laugh about it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Then, when he was in bed one evening, he arose out of bed to find his drunken help blabbering that the barn was on fire. When Henry ran outside, he discovered that the drunken help’s lantern had caused the fire. Then, without thinking twice, Henry ran into the barn to rescue the animals. He rescued them even after he had been injured by one or more of them. When Henry was younger at war, he would always think twice or even more than twice before he went into battle, but the older Henry did not.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After Henry thought he had rescued all of the animals and that they were safe, the drunken help reminded him of the colts that he had left in the burning barn. Henry automatically decided that he had to get the colts out of the barn. The crowd of neighbors that had gathered told him that it was too dangerous and that it was just a suicide mission. Henry looked at the burning barn and, knowing that he was risking his life, he said that he had to at least attempt to rescue the colts anyways.