Being Is Not Everything The Importance Of Becoming Nothing

Leah B. Mitchell Professor John Gist Philosophy 300-70 10 November 2016 Being Is Not Everything: The Importance of Becoming Nothing Heidegger believed that â€Å"Philosophizing is questioning the extra-ordinary† (Heidegger, et al. 14). He suggests, however, that when science questions existence, it simply focuses on what is, while dismissing that which is not (the nothing), and that because of this oversight, scientists do not see the full picture of existence. As a philosopher, Heidegger sought a deeper understanding of the purpose of human existence − his secular version of â€Å"God†, if you will, and he may have discovered it in the Nothing. After contemplation of Martin Heidegger’s philosophies, one could reasonably argue that his â€Å"Nothing† is none other than that which humanity collectively refers to as â€Å"God† – i.e. the source of all that is. Further, that becoming is the telos of our existence; the result, Being, is far less significant. Throughout the history of humanity, the concept of â€Å"God† has been interpreted and used in many ways. God has been considered to have created the universe, to exist separately and have power over it. God has also been considered to be the universe, existing within everything that presents itself as being. God has been denied existence by some, and only believed to be something that can never be known or proved by others. To simplify the term God, from this point we will understand â€Å"God† to be the creator/source of all of existence. Prior toShow MoreRelatedThe Sheep Car Complex By Thane Rosenbaum1043 Words   |  5 Pages Over time everything falls apart. Everything starts to fade away into nothingness. Regardless of its magnitude or importance it all fades away. In Thane Rosenbaum’s The Cattle Car Complex, the author says, â€Å"The Holocaust fades like a painting exposed to too much sun.† (Rosenbaum, 5). 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Japan s Laws Of The Trafficking Of Women And Children Is...

Japan is a Tier 2 source, transit, and destination country for forced labor, sexual exploitation, and forced marriages. Men, women, and children are all susceptible to trafficking. The government actively participates in the exploitation of its people, especially through the program of TITP, or the Technical Intern Training Program. The proliferation of the sexual trafficking of women and children is driven by sex tourism. Runaway girls are among the victims of this horrific trade. Japan does not meet the minimum standard of the 2000 UN TIP Protocol and is the only G-8 member who did not accede to neither its standards nor the 2000 Transnational Organized Crime Convention. There are no convictions for perpetrators of forced labor and no laws enacted to prosecute traffickers. Japan’s laws are not collusive with international definitions of trafficking. In 2015, Japan had a modest increase in the enforcement of ant-trafficking laws. However, Japan’s laws do not exclude al l forms of trafficking, rather there are large gaps in their criminal laws. Under the 1956 Prostitution Prevention Law, Articles 7 through 12 criminalizes the procurement of prostitutes and forced prostitution. Article 226-2 also criminalizes the buying and selling of humans. Under the 1947 Employment Security Act, it criminalizes the engagement of labor recruitment through violence, intimidation, or confinement. It also criminalizes the recruitment of labor for work that is harmful to public health and moralShow MoreRelatedSex Tourism Essay4993 Words   |  20 PagesTO5101: Tourism systems analysis Sai kumar Nalla Student ID- 12325398 Executive summary: In the recent years Sex tourism is the most attracting and increasing sector in terms of tourism studies. There are increased research, paper work, books, articles and several magazines released in the market related to sex tourism. Today there are many forces at work in the normalization of the international sex industry (Jeffeys, 1997). As sex industryRead MoreItaly - Research Paper10557 Words   |  43 Pagesconstitutional court holds the supreme judicial power in Italy, while a lower and upper house were set up and were given the legislative power. (Killinger, 2002) After World War II, Italy entered a period known as the ‘Economic Miracle’, which was driven by multiple industries and firms that contributed to the production of cars. These included the steel, rubber, and oil industries. (Amyot, 2004) Oil was discovered in the South, in the Northern Po Valley, and in Sicily in 1949. Natural gas was foundRead MoreCultural Analysis Thailand9709 Words   |  39 Pagesof 2004, the government coup in 2006, the flooding of 2011 and is preparing for a change in the views of the nation with the demise of their king. The AIDS explosion in the late eighties and early nineties seems to have targeted the country and the sex industry placing Thailand on the map for many of the wrong reasons. As Thailand continues to confront its own inner demons, the country is attempting to emerge as a major player in the developing nations field. This paper will focus on the idealsRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesPolitical Woman: Florence Luscomb and the Legacy of Radical Reform Michael Adas, ed., Agricultural and Pastoral Societies in Ancient and Classical History Jack Metzgar, Striking Steel: Solidarity Remembered Janis Appier, Policing Women: The Sexual Politics of Law Enforcement and the LAPD Allen Hunter, ed., Rethinking the Cold War Eric Foner, ed., The New American History. Revised and Expanded Edition E SSAYS ON _ T WENTIETH- C ENTURY H ISTORY Edited by Michael Adas forRead MoreThe Walt Disney Company and Disney Management25371 Words   |  102 PagesUltrasound Machines, India, China, and a Skewed Sex Ratio CASE 2ïš º1 The Not-So-Wonderful World of BONJOUR, MICKEY! In April 1992, EuroDisney SCA opened its doors to European visitors. Located by the river Marne some 20 miles east of Paris, it was designed to be the biggest and most lavish theme park that Walt Disney Company (Disney) had built to date—bigger than Disneyland in Anaheim, California; Disneyworld in Orlando, Florida; and Tokyo Disneyland in Japan. Much to Disney management’s surprise, Europeans

Distance Education Versus Face-to-Face Learning free essay sample

December 1 , 2009 Persuasive Essay Game Theories Has Virtual Reality Taken Things Too Far? Distance Education versus Face-to-Face Learning In Clive Thompsons Game Theories, the author illustrates how virtual worlds, such as Everquest and Second Life, have surprisingly become much like the real world. Everquest is an online virtual reality video game that allows individuals to create fictional characters to generate goods as they play, often by killing creatures for their treasure and trading it (Thompson 332). This has created an economy-like setting in he game but has eventually evolved to leak into the real world economy by exchanging real money for the purchase of virtual characters and their winnings. Thompsons article shows how the line between virtual reality and real world reality often becomes blurry, encouraging people to consider ways where virtual technology can enhance and possibly replace the current systems already in place. However, not everything done through computers and virtual technology are as effective as one thinks. Sometimes, the traditional way of doing things are perfectly fine and more effective Just the way they are. Distance education, in particular, is a phenomenon that has been a growing popular alternative to traditional face-to-face education. I am here to argue that learning behind a computer at home cannot effectively replace the traditional face- to-face education offered at colleges and universities. Difficulty in self-directed learning and instructional misunderstandings can occur in any online course, a lack of a set schedule allows for distractions and procrastination, non-existent interaction inhibits growth and learning, and the probability of cheating is greater among online tudents versus campus students. Although there are many people who favor the online-learning alternative, this paper will challenge their confidence and counter- arguments on the issue. Distance education can be quite difficult. There are several courses that have concepts that can be quite tricky and complicated to understand, especially if one is learning on their own using a textbook. Shelia Tucker, an assistant professor at East Carolina University, stated that students learn far too little when the teachers personal presence is not available because the student has far more to learn from he teacher than texts (par. 2). For example, an accounting teacher can easily explain the advanced calculation of earnings per share and diluted earnings per share through the use of their own methods and organizational charts. Learning the same topic but reading texts from a course book can be quite challenging without a teacher to provide tips and tricks for remembering the formulas. As I am an accounting student aspiring to be a CGA, I am tremendously afraid of entering their factors influencing completion and non-completion of community college online ourses, students indicated that online learning did not fit their learning style preference. Comments were received from students that they could not get a response from their instructor, the materials were not available, and the course was confusing (Aragon Johnson 155). Because of the difficulty experienced in online courses, some community colleges are reporting drop-out rates 20% higher than in face-to- face classrooms (Aragon Johnson 146). Another drawback of online learning is the lack of a set schedule. Without a fixed timetable, the opportunity for distractions and procrastination often presents itself. These online courses require motivation and self-discipline to complete the courses and programs in a timely manner. This will be especially hard for those who tend to procrastinate and need the extra push from teachers to complete the work or require constant reminders of assignment due dates and examination dates. Because the online courses are quite flexible, these courses can often be put on the backburner, because the students are aware that some of these courses are self-paced. One major downfall of distance education is non-existent interaction that results from learning and working behind a computer. Communication with the teacher is limited to text correspondences and even replies to the emails may be delayed. Comparing this scenario to a classroom course, questions are answered and uncertainties are clarified immediately after the teacher is asked. There is no personal attention given to students and these learners are expected to find their own resources for completing assignments. Not only is interaction limited with teachers, but interaction with other students is limited as well. Randy S. Hanson, Ph. D. , made a point that the only interaction with classmates are through email, chat ooms and discussion boards. Parties and offline get-togethers [were] rarely experienced among online students (par. 17). In her article about the controversy of distance education, Roda Joanna Abaya asserts that students do not learn only on formal and educational conversations. As social beings, it is important that they too interact with others and have informal talks or converse with lighter topics (par. 8). Another concern that Abaya has about distance education is the lack of hands-on training in online courses (par. 7). Interaction with people and objects are vital in the earning process and because of these missing components in online courses, the effectiveness of education falls short when compared to the traditional face-to-face classes. According to an article about academic honesty in online courses, some claim that because students and faculty do not interact directly in such classes, online classes will invite more cheating than traditional classes (GriJalva, Therese C. et al. par. 2). This is certainly true in that distance education is being carried out at home, away from teacher supervision. Anne Mullens exclaims that cheating appears to be ncreasing at universities, especially at the larger campuses and impersonal classes (23). In an examination of cheating in both traditional and online criminal justice and legal studies courses, Lanier (2006) found the behavior to be more common in online courses (Dobbs, Rhonda R. et al 13). Who knows how many students cheat during an online exam, having their books open in front of them while actual student writing the exam? Cheating is unethical and universally wrong but there are many students who cannot help themselves from getting all the help they can get to score th e good grades. There are several counter arguments that can be raised against the thesis of this paper. After googling and researching the pros of distance education, the recurring and most significant point was the flexibility of online courses. There are no set class times and it is the students discretion when to complete the assignments and readings so those with busy schedules are able to accommodate education. Stephen Downes states that there is more work in the distance ed version simply because it tries to make up for the lack of any class contact (par. 1). I have heard students and riends complain about the amount of work required for the online LIBS 7001 course at BCIT, where as the in-class version compares much favorably. With the course load being heavy for online courses, the flexibility to dedicate time to other priorities is hindered with the stress of work to be done for distance education. Some argue that online learning benefits those who requires more time, are language challenged, or are introverted. But on the contrary, it hinders rather than allows growth and learning. Those who require more time will always have that excuse to fall back on. Next thing they know, a year has passed since having started the course. The things learned at the beginning of the on-line class will have been forgotten and time would have been wasted. Those who are foreign students that struggle with the language barrier would benefit much more with an available teacher who is able to give them personal attention and needed help. To leave them on their own, trying to understand the course concepts from a textbook or a set of written notes can leave them overwhelmed and confused. Even those who are shy do not gain any benefit for enrolling in online courses. In fact, it is more of a detriment to their development and knowledge. Attending campuses and universities allows students to interact with classmates, and even encourages group projects to develop team buildings skills for individuals. At BCIT, students are often required to do presentations in front of the class and even in lecture halls. This is because the real world will often put people in similar situations and the training for that is attained easily when attending school on campus. This will also develop individuals interpersonal skills, and will help them overcome any shyness they may have. Another counter argument that can be raised is that costs are reduced when taking distance education. Not only are travel costs and commuting time decreased, but the necessary housing costs and meal plans are also saved if one is required to move to campus for attending university. However, the cost of training teachers, the cost of hardware and software, human resources such as technicians and other people involved are to be considered, we can say that establishing online education is not as cheap as it may seem for others (Abaya par. 6). These costs will certainly rickle down to the students, eventually having them pay through the increasing course fees.

Kuhn’s Concept of Paradigm Essay Example

Kuhn’s Concept of Paradigm Essay Thomas Kuhn’s concept of the paradigm has greatly influenced the way that ideas and concepts evolve. Although his ideas were largely applied to the history of science, his concept of paradigm is also applicable to other branches of study such as philosophy and the social sciences among others. Kuhn (1962) showed that science is not merely an accumulation of knowledge. Rather, there are different periods of revolution, which he called paradigm shifts. During these paradigm shifts, the main ideas about science and the processes governing scientific inquiry change dramatically. He said that science can be understood through three stages. The first one is pre-science, which does not have an over-arching paradigm. Prescience is succeeded by normal science, which is characterized by the attempts of scientists to develop and expand the central paradigm through the process of solving a problem, usually characterized as a puzzle. The paradigm takes into account several variables and factors and seeks to explain different phenomena in the world. When there are anomalous results, meaning that there are results, which cannot be sufficiently explained by the dominant paradigm, and they accumulate, there develops a point of crisis. The old paradigm can no longer deal with new variables and new trends, hence there emerges a new paradigm, which takes into account the older one and successfully deals with the factors that cannot be explained away by the old paradigm. The anomalous results will then be integrated into the new framework alongside the old one. We will write a custom essay sample on Kuhn’s Concept of Paradigm specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Kuhn’s Concept of Paradigm specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Kuhn’s Concept of Paradigm specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Kuhn’s work is a revolutionary one. But what exactly is a paradigm? How useful is this concept? What evidences does he present in discussing this concept? Paradigm A paradigm is more than just a theory; it refers to a whole worldview that establishes the relationships between and among different variables in the system (Kuhn, 1962). This is because a theory is more limited in nature and scope. Although his use of the term paradigm has been criticized as vague and ambiguous, he attempted to use the term disciplinary matrix instead (Forster, 1998). Kuhn criticized the adherents of science because of the claim that science is cumulative and that it is advancing toward a certain end. In fact, he even went as far as to claim that science textbooks is misleading and usually relies on history. Kuhn calls history and the occurrence of previous discoveries as normal science—the kind that has already established its tenets and other set of beliefs and assumptions (Neyens Gardner, 2007). Through this discussion, Kuhn presented several characteristics of his concept of the paradigm. One is that the paradigm should be unprecedented, which means that the old paradigm should not have taken into account the features of the new paradigm. The new paradigm should also be an open system so that different scientists will be able to work with its building blocks of ideas and deal with a number of different problems so that the paradigm becomes applicable to a wider range of problems, thereby contributing to its wider acceptance by the people in the scientific community. In developing his concept of the paradigm, Thomas Kuhn looked at several discoveries and advancement in the field of electricity during the first part of the nineteenth century. Normal science, according to Kuhn usually has established procedures, processes, assumptions and rules. Even though the scientific process is still the same, normal science usually works within its own sphere of knowledge and is unable to transcend such sphere (Neyens Gardner, 2007). The Occurrence of Paradigm Shifts In a manner of speaking, normal science tends to be a closed system and does not take much account for the anomalous results that may be produced by the same system. In order for scientific advancements to happen, these anomalous situations and results should be present and that the old paradigm should be unable to explain the existence of such anomalies. To illustrate his points, Kuhn showed several examples in the history of science through the ages. When the number of anomalous results increases, a paradigm shift is impending. A paradigm shift can also be considered as a scientific revolution (Kuhn, 1962). In order to explain the anomalies being discovered by scientists, they would have to transcend the prevailing paradigm and incorporate a new kind of understanding. Usually, the anomalies in a paradigm are explained away as errors. In other instances, they are also simply ignored and other explanations are not sought after. At any particular point in time, the significance of these anomalies varies from scientist to scientist. For a particular period of history, a certain branch of science is dominant while at other times, other branches receive more attention. The anomalous results or variable will grow in terms of volume and momentum. When this happens, the prevailing paradigm enters a period of crisis in which it can no longer effectively work in explaining different variables and occurrences in the field. This crisis is necessary for the testing of the paradigm and its validity as well as the examination of the prevailing paradigm. In fact, without crisis, there can be no paradigm shift (Forster, 1998). Paradigm Shift and Crisis Kuhn illustrated this masterfully by pointing out the example of the paradigm shift that was brought about by Copernicus and his version of astronomy. This new paradigm challenged the prevailing paradigm of Ptolemy’s astronomy during that time. To make matters worse, the earth-centric astronomy of Ptolemy was supported by the Church. Unfortunately, those who supported the revolutionary paradigm did not only have to fight in the arena of scientific inquiry but at times, they also had to fight for their lives because of the danger posed by the church to such individuals. The experience of Galileo is a testimony to this violent crisis between two the old and the new paradigm. Kuhn showed the astronomical system of Ptolemy could no longer offer effective explanations to the observations being made by astronomers during that time. Scientists went as far as offer solutions to such problems. However, over time, the seemingly solved problems of Ptolemic astronomy keep cropping up all over the place (Forster, 1998). As such, the discrepancies, lack of explanations and explanatory difficulties came together and created momentum for the development of an alternative paradigm—that of heliocentric astronomy as proposed by Copernicus. Paradigm shifts may also involve the discovery of new set of data that can undermine the prevailing paradigm and support the revolutionary one. Or it may also involve looking at a different point of view so that the relationships between and among variables take on a new meaning and new interpretation of data. Kuhn also argued that science is non-cumulative and the interpretations of previous scientists may not be drawn upon by the present paradigm that explains the relationships of variables and different. As such, science is not cumulative. When Albert Einstein published his theory of relativity, it was believed that there was not much to be discovered in physics and that physicist would have to labor for better ways of calculations and measurements. Through Einstein’s findings, however, this view changed. Another paradigm shift has entered the picture of the sciences and forever changed the view of people of the world and of the universe. Einstein’s findings also enabled scientists to develop further theories and applications, which up to now are being used all over the world. Impact of Paradigm Shifts on Scientists There are two main impacts of paradigm shifts on scientists. One is that paradigm shifts create important changes in the manner in which scientists view the world. If a particular set of things used to be viewed as one thing, there is a change in such a view. The example provided by Kuhn is the way that the moon used to be viewed as a planet under Ptolemaic astronomy. But through the paradigm shift of Copernicus, it was seen as a satellite (Forster, 1998). Secondly, paradigm shifts tend to change the very way that scientists work. By identifying new variables and introducing different ways of interpreting variables and factors, the way that scientists work is also affected by the paradigm shifts that occur in the fields of science (Forster, 1998). Paradigm shifts may be arrived at because of the technologies available and the discovery of new factors that need to be taken into account in the prevailing paradigm. With the coming of a new paradigm, interpretations change as well as the relationships between and among different variables and factors. Scientific revolutions and paradigm shifts are a necessary component in the development of ideas in the world. These kinds of paradigm shifts do not only occur in the scientific world. In fact, the concept of the paradigm and paradigm shift has been applied to politics, economics and other branches of knowledge. In terms of accepting the changes brought about by paradigm shifts, the non-scientific sectors of the world tend to accept it more quickly than the scientific community. If anything, the acceptance of the scientific community of the paradigm shift is the last straw that indicates that the paradigm shift has already occurred (Neyens Garnder, 2007). Revolutions and their Role in the World Revolutions are usually invisible and they are discerned only after their conclusion. Old paradigms and theories tend to be absorbed into the new paradigm. Otherwise, they tend to disappear altogether. This is also seen in the way that the Copernican view of the world superseded the Ptolemaic paradigm. The Ptolemaic paradigm fell to disuse while the Copernican view gained prominence. Later on, the Copernican view was superseded by another paradigm and it too fell into disuse and oblivion. Revolutions, however, tend to be filled with conflict and at other times violence. Yet, as the merits of the new paradigm becomes more popular and accepted, the paradigm becomes accepted and will supersede the prevailing one. As different revolutions go on in the world, the progress will be readily discernible for those who care to look back and chronicle these revolutions. The impact of the concept of paradigm as developed by Kuhn has spilled over into other fields of discipline such as politics, economics, sociology, and even in organizational behavior. The concept of a paradigm has come to mean a way of looking things and a system of relationships of different factors and variables within the system. As such, in order for progress and change to occur, the present way of looking at things and the manner of running the different factors in the system should change. In short a paradigm shift would be very much needed. Criticism of Kuhn Although the concepts of paradigm and paradigm shift are important in looking at the development of science and of different fields, Kuhn was not able to sufficiently distinguish his concept of paradigm from that of a theory or from the disciplinary matrix that he presented. Apart from the understanding that a theory is more limited in scope than a paradigm, this concept does not seem to have much difference from the concept of worldview or theory. Another criticism of Kuhn is his apparent disregard of the cumulativeness of knowledge in science and the way that scientists use such knowledge for the advancement of knowledge and of science. Even the Copernican heliocentric worldview had to use some of the tools employed by the Ptolemaic system in order to arrive at such a conclusion (Franklin, 2007). Without the previous findings of scientists in any field of study, some of the recent findings of science will not become possible. Kuhn’s argument that rival paradigms could not understand each other appears to be a play on linguistics and the use of different terminologies for the same things. His explanation for this immutability between rival paradigms is not sufficiently explained. Without such comparison, it would not be possible to compare and contrast rival paradigms to assess the effectiveness of each one and arrive at an understanding of which theory has better explanatory value in explaining the phenomenon. Kuhn is also criticized by his non-differentiation of the hard sciences and the humanities and appeared to have espoused a version of relativism and does not take into account the nuances and dynamism of the scientific process. Nonetheless, the concept of paradigm has been elevated from its mundane meaning and is now one of the most famous words in terms of effecting change and transformation. Furthermore, Kuhn also highlighted the importance of effectively addressing new variables and factors in the prevailing paradigm. Conclusion The concepts of paradigm and paradigm shifts have proven to be very useful in understanding the development of theories and of ideas in the world. These concepts have not only been used in the hard sciences such as physics and the like. Rather, they have been used in social sciences and other related fields. Although there are criticisms directed to some of the things that Kuhn disregarded such as the cumulativeness of scientific knowledge and by seemingly promoting relativism, his concepts still have explanatory power in documenting and tracing the occurrences and the quality of the revolutions going on in the world. By using these concepts, it would also be easier to track development and progress.

The Drylanders video report essays

The Drylanders video report essays The Drylanders The film The Drylanders takes a look at the ups and downs of early farm life in Saskatchewan. This film shows us a family moving from the city to the prairies to start a new life. It shows the great harvest of 1927 and how lack of rain can affect the whole prairie life style. Most of all it illustrates how hard it was to adjust to these new lands. The film The Drylanders was a first-rate look at the hardships and the excellent times farmers had in the early 1900s. The harvest was a great time for everyone. The farmers would go out with their families and collect the wheat and crops from the fields. This was the main source of income for the prairie farmers. In the film it shows a great example of a wonderful harvest. It was the harvest of 1927, everything went well for the farmers on the prairie. There were more then enough crops for the whole family. Families were even able to buy cars due to all the inventory (crops). The film also explains how hard the times were when there were droughts. It teaches us how dead the parries were. People were angry and very depressed. Since they had no source of income they had to get their food from food banks. The film also portrays how hard it was to start a life on the prairies. Before they even came there were stories how children would die in the cold winters. The first harvest did not go well, it was ruined by hail a hail storm. This really hurt the families ego. Although there were good and bad times the drylanders were able to make it through both with smiles and with tears. If it were not for these brave men or women who labored over this land who knows what kind province Saskatchewan would have evolved into today. ...

How to Write a Research Paper on Global Warming

How to Write a Research Paper on Global Warming Research Paper on Global Warming How to start a research paper on global warming Tips on how to start Example of an outline Example of a thesis Example of a global warming research paper introduction How to write body paragraphs for a research paper on global warming Tips on body writing Example of the 1st body paragraph Example of the 2nd body paragraph Example of the 3rd body paragraph How to finish a research paper on global warming Tips on conclusion writing Example of a conclusion Tips on research paper revision How to start a research paper on global warming Starting a research paper on global warming is not an easy task. It involves gathering specific scientific data over a long period of time in order to have the necessary facts for proving the impacts and effects of climate change. Global warming is not observable in only short amounts of time. This is why making a research paper on global warming involves the gathering of evidences from history and past events that were involved in the general climate of an environment. Tips on how to start Gather scientific evidences of global warming by sifting through environmental research done in the past. Look for facts pointing to the statement that you want to present. Make sure that you have a focus on a study so that you will be precise and concise on your point. Create an outline so you will be able to follow a structure for your research paper. Use online and offline sources as global warming statistics are available upon only the existing records. Example of an outline In creating an outline, you need to prepare concise and simple information. It should be flexible enough to accommodate your points of comparison and research facts. The structure of your outline should be solid enough to emphasize your statement and give the reader the proper material for gaining a comprehension of your chosen topic. INTRODUCTION/THESIS STATEMENT I. FIRST MAIN TOPIC/STATEMENT a. EXAMPLE OR INTERESTING FACT ABOUT FIRST MAIN TOPIC/STATEMENT b. SUPPORTING RESEARCH II. SECOND MAIN TOPIC/STATEMENT a. EXAMPLE OR INTERESTING FACT ABOUT SECOND MAIN TOPIC/STATEMENT b. SUPPORTING RESEARCH III. THIRD MAIN TOPIC/STATEMENT a. EXAMPLE OR INTERESTING FACT ABOUT THIRD MAIN TOPIC/STATEMENT b. SUPPORTING RESEARCH A good example of how an outline can be organized is this one. I. Throughout our past, evidences of global warming due to human activity have slowly emerged and now, it is a crisis that is openly known to the public but ways of battling it successfully are yet to emerge. 1. The natural greenhouse effect of the planet has a natural rhythm and balance, however, human activity has caused subtle to major effects towards our atmosphere 2. There are changes in weather patterns causing different types of weather anomalies (e.g. wild hurricanes, long droughts). 3. The trend of global temperatures increasing. II. The reasons that are fast-tracking the impacts and effects of global warming are related to the growth of the human population and the increased need for: 1. Fossil fuels for energy 2. Land for shelters, cities, and other forms of settlements. 3. Manufactured and processed foods III. The consequences of our environment-destructive human activities have caused global warming to be felt throughout the world. 1. Sea levels are rising globally, putting major coastal human settlements to great risks. 2. The ice is melting in the Arctic regions of the world due to the warming of the entire globe (a) Concerns of flooding in human populated areas (b) Decreased land to settle on 3. Crops are being affected also by global warming (a) there is less land present to be farmed on 4. Flatlands are drying up 5. Unnatural weather anomalies are destroying crops. IV. There are methods in which people can choose to help to slow down climate change. 1. Find alternative forms and sources of energy 2. Conserve the use of fossil fuels and create renewable sources of electricity 3. Utilize recyclable products 4. Planting of trees and plants to help restore the status of atmosphere Example of a thesis The thesis statement of the paper is like a concise and simple form of presenting your main idea. The introduction gives the reader a general idea of what they are going to read in the paper. As such, it goes at the beginning of your paper; below is a possible example: Global warming is an issue that is currently faced by the entire planet, and humanity needs to consciously tackle it in order to save the species and the planet from destruction. This thesis statement properly delivers a pair of ideas that will be the focus of the research. The first statement implies location, while the second implies an act or a methodology to how you are going to work in your research. Example of a global warming research paper introduction With your thesis statement, you can now provide general knowledge and description of the facts that you will be presenting. The introduction should radiate a welcoming vibe to it in order to attract the reader’s attention. Here is an example: Global warming is an issue that is currently faced by the entire planet, and humanity needs to consciously tackle it in order to save the species and the planet from destruction. Global warming, which is also called the greenhouse effect, is a subject that has acquired much attention among media and government institutions in the recent years. However, many among the population are not aware of climate changes as an impactful event among our modern times. Global warming has impacted many livelihoods of people living in different areas and its effects are accelerating due to human activities that contribute to global climate change. The growth of the population have its demands and increased use of fossil fuels means of manufacturing and processing. All of these are factors in increased emissions into the atmosphere which in turn increases global warming. It is advisable to wait until you have finished the body of your essay before finalizing your introduction or thesis statement. How to write body paragraphs for a research paper on global warming Writing body paragraphs of your research paper should involve arduous research and gathering of data. After all, global warming is a topic that is greatly understood through science and its hard earned facts and statistics. Gathering info should involve the use of local material and internet resources. It is good when writing a research paper to widen the scope of your study in order to provide the reader a comprehensive presentation of your data. Widening your perspective helps the reader understand your main thesis but try not to lose track of the focus of your research paper. Tips on body writing First, decide what kind of information you absolutely want to include in your essay. These topics are the main pillars of your essay. For each of these main pillars you need supporting research and evidence to hold them up; so for each topic you need to have at least one source that backs your assertions. The contents of the body should be supported the conclusion. Do not forget to make your composition logically organized. Make use of credible research resources and choose relevant facts. Example of the 1st body paragraph The reasons that are fast-tracking the impacts and effects of global warming are related to the growth of the human population and the increased need for resources and modes of production that are harmful to the atmosphere and the general environment. Human beings harness fossil fuels for energy which greatly increases the amount of carbon emissions that cause the greenhouse effect. The utilization Land for shelters, cities, and other forms of settlements decreases the land that is supposed to harbor plants and trees that are supposed to balance the state of the air and thus promoting the balance within the atmosphere. Modern manufacturing methods and the demand for processed foods also increase the rate of global warming due to the un-environment friendly modes of its mass production. Example of the 2nd body paragraph The consequences of our environment-destructive human activities have caused global warming to be felt throughout the world. Sea levels are rising globally, putting major coastal human settlements to great risks. The ice is melting in the Arctic regions of the world due to the warming of the entire globe which makes way for concerns of flooding in human populated areas, decreased land to settle on and food supplies through crops are being affected also by global-warming. There is less land present to be farmed on due to the fact that flatlands are drying up and unnatural weather anomalies are destroying crops like the tropical storms that rage on the South-eastern parts of Asia such as the Philippines and Indonesia. Example of the 3rd body paragraph However, all hope is not lost. There are methods in which people can choose to help to slow down climate change. The human population can find alternative forms and sources of energy. They can limit conserve and limit the use of fossil fuels and create renewable sources of electricity. The general population can be taught to utilize recyclable products. Planting of trees and plants also help restore the status of atmosphere and the overall well being of the planet. How to finish a research paper on global warming The conclusion should act along the line of summing up everything you have already told your readers. Its a good idea to touch base briefly on all of your main pillars once more before you finish; this is the place to do that. You can also include a message or an inspiration to the reader and a recommendation for what to do with the research. Remember that all the sample that are here in this article are only examples and convey a basic structure or a plain base for your global warming research paper. Tips on conclusion writing Briefly restate the main points that you have touched in your paper. Make sure that your conclusion is in line with your thesis statement. Use the facts and data that you have to conclude something which will be meaningful to the reader. Connect the components of your research and provide the knowledge to why it is relevant. Don’t forget to provide a recommendation or a practical idea that will help your reader not only gain but also digest the message or findings of your global warming research paper. Example of a conclusion The impacts and effects of climate changes have altered many lives and continue to degrade the status of the planet; many lives have been lost and there is a risk to all existing life in the present. It also has a large negative impact on the economy. However, all hope is not lost. There are methods in which people can choose to help to slow down climate change. The human population can find alternative forms and sources of energy. They can limit conserve and limit the use of fossil fuels and create renewable sources of electricity. The general population can be taught to utilize recyclable products. Planting of trees and plants also help restore the status of atmosphere and the overall well-being of the planet. Tips on research paper revision Follow what the teacher wants, you only need to please their perspective. Simultaneously, include in your paper what you truly want to express through the research material you have acquired. You have to integrate the research paper with the format that your instructor is asking for. Always follow the recommendations of your teacher as they are knowledgeable about how to improve your writing.

Alternative Solutions to Medical Testing on Animals Article

Alternative Solutions to Medical Testing on Animals - Article Example An ethical principle that guides the use of alternative methods to animal testing encourages the replacement, reduction and refinement as an effective way of minimizing animal suffering while safeguarding biological experiments thereby proposing ethical alternatives as the discussion below portrays. One of such alternatives is cell cultures (Maguire and Eric 121). This refers to the process of growing both human and animal cells in cultures thereby providing scientists with an opportunity to carry their tests effectively. Psychological egoism is among the ethical theories that continue to propagate for the alternative. According to the theory, explains that self-interests often motivate most of the human actions. Scientists and biologists cause immense pain, suffering and even death to other animals in their desire to make inventions thereby enhancing the profits they acquire from such (Watson 66). The theory therefore encourages the use of cells, which provides the scientists with similar platform to carry scientific researches while saving animals from the immense pain. Objectivism is yet another ethical concept that encourages the use of alternatives to animal testing. The concept explains that reality exists independently of consciousness. As such, humans can acquire knowledge from inductive logic and concept formation. Additionally, the concept explains that pursuing one’s happiness is the moral purpose of life. Using animals in scientific experiments provides humans with an opportunity to develop knowledge. However, the concept encourages the use of other safer and painless ways of doing the same. Dissecting animals is often a bloody affair that most people abhor (Monamy 78). The theory therefore encourages methods that enhance personal happiness and does not cause doubts in the minds of the scientists. Reciprocal altruism further advances the thought for a safer and painless ways

Hamlet film questionnaire Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hamlet film questionnaire - Essay Example 3. The first time we see Prince Hamlet, where is he and what is he doing How does Branagh as a director deal with many of the asides How is Hamlet's first line handled How does this affect our interpretation of that line First time we see Hamlet, he is in the castle, in front of his father's statue wearing a mourning dress .He is speaking to himself .its the first soliloquy of the movie .As both actor and director, he plays the soliloquy not as a reverie but as a moral debate on how to be in the world .the first line is handled in a very poignant way and from the very onset we are given a glimpse of how disgusted and depressed Hamlet is about his father's death. He is so anguished that he himself wants to die. 4. When Ophelia gives the "remembrances" back to Hamlet, there is a critical moment when Hamlet begins to get violent with her. What happens to set him off (NOTE: This happens in the film but is not noted in the stage direction of the play.) 5. There are a few times when the dialogue of the primary character becomes a voice-over and we flash to the scene the character was initially describing. The first example of this is the Ghost's description of his murder to his son, Hamlet.

The significance of endings in The Great Gatsby The Kite Runner and Audens poetry Essay Example for Free

The significance of endings in The Great Gatsby The Kite Runner and Audens poetry Essay Write about the significance of the ways writers end their narratives in the work of the three writers you have studied. In ‘The Great Gatsby’ Fitzgerald creates a sense of finality in the last chapter through the repetition of the word ‘last’, which suggests to the reader ‘the party was over.’ Also the repetition relates to the end of Nick’s experiences and relationship with Gatsby, creating a subdued tone in the ending of the narrative. Fitzgerald references the colour ‘green’ once more, which is symbolic of Gatsby’s dream, the use of it in this final chapter signifies the sombre end of the dream and pursuit of Daisy. Fitzgerald’s construction of a tone of finality within this final chapter in relation to Gatsby’s dream reflects the loss of hope, considering the dream has been a symbol for hope for the entirety of the novel. Fitzgerald’s further utilisation of colour similarly reflects the loss of hope. The ‘motor-hearse’ was described as ‘horribly black’ which heavily contrasts the vulgar displays of colour in Gatsby’s life ‘pink rag of a suit’, this compounds the fact that Gatsby is indeed gone, thus ending the narrative in a pessimistic tone since neither Gatsby, nor his dream succeeded. Coupled with this is the pathetic fallacy, used to parallel the sombre feeling of death and loss, there was a ‘thick drizzle’ which has ominous connotations. Also, the fact the rain has only been described in one other instance over the whole narrative builds tension since it’s not an ordinary description ‘he spoke of the rain in a worried, uncertain way.’ However, despite this pessimism throughout the final chapter, Fitzgerald uses the final line to reference Gatsby one last time and reflect his passionate struggle to realise his dream. ‘So we beat on, boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past.’ This metaphor shows that despite Gatsby’s life being full of obstacles ‘current’, nothing stopped him relentlessly trying to achieve what he wanted ‘so we beat on.’ Through this Fitzgerald references the reader and demonstrates the human need to dream and to be challenged and suggests to the reader that despite obstacles and hardship in our own lives ‘tomorrow we will run faster, stretch out our arms further’ and ultimately we should never give up until we have secured what we dream of. This ends the novel with a moral message directed specifically towards the reader through the character description of Gatsby, creating a sense of closure in the reader. In ‘The Kite Runner’ Hosseini uses descriptions of how Amir’s ‘mind flashed back’ to his childhood with Hassan and the profound detail of Sohrab in the final chapter, in order to epitomise Amir’s guilt which spawned from ‘a frigid overcast day in the winter of 1975’, and which has been the central aspect in the novel. Amir says his ‘hands are stained with Hassan’s blood’ and he prays ‘God doesn’t let them get stained with the blood of his boy too.’ The ‘blood’ is suggestive of Hassan’s rape which is the source of Amir’s guilt and the fact that Amir ‘pray(ed)’ shows how he feels utterly powerless suggesting he is overwhelmed with guilt. Hosseini creates a detailed explanation of ‘Sohrab’s face’, his ‘slanting bamboo-leaf eyes so much like his father’s’, this comparison exemplifies Amir’s guilt over his cowardice and disloyalty towards Hassan which is compelling him to devote himself to his son in repentance. Alternatively this concern over ‘Hassan’s boy’ could reflect Amir’s genuine care and love of his friend and half-brother Hassan, especially since ‘blood’ is mentioned which has been symbolic for the brotherhood between the two characters Amir and Hassan. Hosseini’s description of Amir’s deeply rooted guilt in this final chapter ends the narrative positively since the reader ultimately sympathises with Amir, as his heavy conscience reveals his benevolence towards Hassan and presents him once more as an appealing character. Hosseini also significantly parallels Amir and Hassan in the closing lines of the narrative to suggest that Amir did finally receive redemption for his betrayal of Hassan, this ends the narrative in a light hearted manner composing a positive ending. Hosseini says that Sohrab ‘took hold of the string’ of the kite which symbolises the bond now formed between Amir and Sohrab, since the kites always were an omnipresent symbol for friendship within the novel. Therefore Hosseini suggests that Amir and Hassan have reconciled through Amir’s bondage with Sohrab. The final line of the narrative ‘I ran’ shows how Amir running the kite for Sohrab, mirrors the actions of Hassan, suggesting Amir has at last been redeemed of his disloyalty, because he has changed. He is running for Hassan’s son, the personal pronoun ‘I ran’ shows he is no longer selfish and his superiority demonstrated before has vanished. Similarly, Hosseini suggests Amir finally receives redemption since Soraya ‘had a glimpse of the mother she might have been’ in her eye, ‘had her own womb not betrayed her’ which shows she has finally become a mother and subsequently, Amir a father. This symbolises redemption because Amir’s infertility had been a symbolic punishment for his cowardice towards Assef during Hassan’s rape ‘someone†¦had decided to deny me fatherhood for the things I had done.’ However the fact that now he is able to be a father to Sohrab suggests he no longer needs to be punished. In ‘As I Walked Out One Evening’ Auden uses the ending of the piece to consolidate the overall theme of the power of time, which permeates the poem. Auden describes the setting ‘late in the evening’ in the final stanza of the poem, which contrasts the beginning where the time frame was simply identified as ‘one evening.’ This suggests time has elapsed between the first and last stanza. Then Auden says ‘the lovers they were gone’ which suggests that because of the passage of time their love has ended, ‘gone’ showing love to be fragile against the vast power of time. Furthermore the comparison between ‘the lovers they were gone’ and ‘the deep river ran on’ shows how despite the lovers perishing in time the ‘deep river’ has remained unchanged from the beginning of the poem where it was revealed to be a ‘brimming river’, a synonym for full or ‘deep.’ This rhyme between ‘gone’ and ‘on’ and the parallel description of the river from the beginning shows the ‘lovers’ haven’t impacted upon anything, which presents love as an inexorably insignificant force in life, a key theme within the poem. In ‘O What is That Sound’ Auden uses meaningful absence in order to reflect the uncertainty in the voice of the poem and to create an exciting ending. In the poem Auden describes ‘scarlet soldiers’ en route to the ‘broken lock and splintered door’ where the voice of the poem is residing. Auden uses the final stanza as a climactic moment in which to suggest the soldiers have reached their destination and are about to harm the voice in the poem. The final line the soldiers’ ‘eyes are burning’ has ominous connotations and implies the impending doom of the voice. Similarly the propounding ‘b’ sounds in ‘broken’ and ‘boots’ symbolises the loud movements of the soldiers which reflects their close proximity and subsequently emphasises their threat, creating a tense exciting ending as the reader fears for the fate of the voice. However the ‘b’ sounds could also reflect the aggressiveness of the soldiers and equally show their threatening presence. Auden also rises the threat of the soldiers and tense tone of the poem at the end through the lack of questions presented in the final stanza. In the previous stanzas, two voices were present explicated through repetitive questions and answers, however in the final stanza there is only description of the soldiers ‘turning, turning’ which increases the pace of the poem and reflects the imminent danger since the voice is now all alone, which allows the reader to vicariously experience the situation of the voice in the poem, spawning an exciting ending.

Continetal drift theory Essays -- essays research papers fc

Continental Drift, the theory that continents move slowly about the earth's surface, changing their positions relative to one another and to the poles of the earth. In the past the theory has been discussed but not generally accepted, most geologists believing the continents to be fixed in place and subject only to vertical movements, such as those observed during mountain uplift. In recent years, however, a sound body of evidence in support of a modified form of the drift theory has been found. Ideas are becoming precise and unified, with emphasis on a moving, evolving ocean floor. The new theory is called plate tectonics. Soon after the Atlantic Ocean had been mapped, about three hundred years ago, it was noticed that the opposite coasts had similar shapes, but it was not until the middle of the 19th century that accurate maps were published demonstrating that the two coasts could be fitted together quite closely. Some geologists then suggested that the fit of the coasts was not an accident--that the continents were once joined and had subsequently drifted apart. None of the suggestions were taken seriously.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1912, however, the German meteorologist Alfred Wegener investigated the fit of the Atlantic coasts more carefully than had his predecessors and grouped all the continents together into one great land mass, which he called Pangaea. He supposed that the mass began to break apart about 200 million years ago. He also showed that some geological features on the opposite coasts could have fitted together, and that there were many striking similarities between the fossil plants and reptiles on the opposite coasts, particularly the coasts of Africa and South America. If the continents were pushed together, the geological, fossil, and other lines of evidence would join together accurately in the way that lines of print on a torn newspaper would join when the paper was reassembled. Wegener also pointed out that ancient climatic zones seemed to have lain in different places from the present zones. He pointed out that where great ice sheets have melted in recent geological times in Scandinavia and North America, the land is rising as fast as a centimeter a year. This vertical uplift, he said, requires horizontal inflow of matter below and implies that flow and motion do take place within the earth.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We... ...an isolated continent.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although Wegener and Du Toit proposed that the primitive continents began to break up about 200 million years ago, there is much evidence that drift began long before then, and that continental blocks have slowly been moving about the earth's surface throughout much of geological time. It seems that before the continents drifted apart and opened up the Atlantic, they had drifted together and closed up an earlier ocean. Another place where continents seem to have bumped into each other and piled up mountains between them is the Himalayas, which may have been produced when the Indian Peninsula detached itself from Gondwanaland and gradually drifted into Asia Bibliography  Daley, Robert B. 1986 A study of a changing planet; CEBCO Publishing co. p.418  Bartolini, Annachiara and Larson, Roger L; 2001 Pacific microplate and the Pangea supercontinent in the Early to Middle Jurassic; Geology, Aug2001, Vol. 29 Issue 8, p735-39  Anderson, Don L 2001. Top-Down Tectonics; Science, 9/14/2001, Vol. 293 Issue 5537, p2016-18  http://www.geo.cornell.edu/geology/classes/Geo101/101week6_s01.html

Caring for the individuals with dementia

Currently, incidences of disruptive behavioural problems such as agitation, aggression, rest-activity pattern and sleep wake disturbance are reported to be high in people with dementia. The specific determinants of disruptive behaviour are still unclear but predisposing factors are considered to be associated with the external factors such as the negative staff attitudes and environment. Actually, disruptive behaviour is an umbrella that describes behaviours such as throwing objects, hoarding, resisting care, self abuse, wandering, repetitious verbalization, aggression and general agitation.Prevalence of aggressive behaviour has been considered as a subset of disruptive behaviour among individuals with dementia in long-term care facilities as 86. 3% has been reported. (Ryder et al. 1991). According to studies on cognitively intact residents and residents with dementia, shows a consistently higher prevalence of behaviours. This paper presents research literature to support the role of a positive environment including attitudes and staff interaction in the aggressive individuals with dementia.Importance of a positive environment including staff interaction and attitudes towards the aggressive individuals with dementia Environment has been increasingly recognized as a significant therapeutic element in care of individuals with dementia. In the last decade, it has been realized that environment plays a significant role in reducing the disruptive behaviour, increasing the functional ability of the individuals with dementia, as well as improving their quality of life.Problem behaviour in dementia is associated with deficits in the executive control functions of the frontal lobe. However, complex behaviours seen in individuals with dementia are as a result of multiple, over-learned routines the environmental stimuli triggers. The executive control functions orchestrate the routines into coherent goal-directed behaviours which in turn contribute to the expression of th e required habitual response while limiting the unrequited responses.It therefore means that failure of executive control function leads to distractibility and overdependence on environmental factors or can even lead to apathy and environmental indifferences. However in any case modification of social and physical environment can reduce behaviours that are not required and can elicit the desired behaviours effectively. Moreover, environment is the major component in progressively lowered stress threshold model. (Sife, 1998).Subject to the model, since the ability to adapt in individuals with dementia declines as the dementia progresses, the care givers should reduce the environmental demands to ensure that the level of the environmental demands is congruent with the abilities of individuals with dementia. Basically, disruptive behaviours are more often when the stress threshold of an individual is exceeded. Most of the intervention strategies given in the literature engage manipulat ion of physical and social environments to meet the unique needs and personalities of individuals with dementia.Following the recognition of the important role of environment to individuals with dementia, many long-term care facilities have come up with special care units that give a total supportive milieu for them. Following the increase of such special care units design guidelines such as recommendation for both social and physical environments have been developed to ensure that the environment provided by the facilities enhanced the well-being and personhood of individuals with dementia.(Morgan & Stewart1997). However, since there is no empirical data, the special care unit design manuals are based on extrapolations and clinical experience. Predictability and structure are the important aspects of the environment in which individuals with dementia live. The daily routines that reflect the rhythm of the society are predictable, and with a chance to rest and opportunity for activi ty, individuals are kept in touch, thus promoting their well being.Patient-centred dementia care is the recommended approach in caring individuals with dementia as it focuses on independence, it is value-driven, and it is concerned with the empowerment and well being of individuals with dementia and their families. Moreover the patient-centred care makes the individuals to feel socially confident, valued and supported thus creating personhood which is described by Kitwood (1997a) as a status that is bestowed in individuals by others within the society in the context of social being and relationship.Care for the individuals with dementia should focus on maintaining the personhood in the face of the individuals whose mental powers is failing. (Kitwood, 1996). Paying attention to personhood involves recognizing the centrality of the relationship and the uniqueness of the individuals as well as the fact of the embodiment. It therefore means that dementia care that is only involved with the dementia as the disease and its treatment has nothing to do with the patient’s personhood, damages the patient, and treats as a passive object rather than a human being.Patient-centred dementia care is recommended as it is based on the ethic that regardless of disabilities, all human beings have absolute value and need to be respected, and on the convictions that just like all other human beings, people with dementia are capable of living a fulfilling live. (Kitwood, 1999). The principle central to patient-centred dementia care is that the life experience of the individuals, their network relationships and unique personalities should be valued and considered with constant attention by the staff giving the care.This is based on the observation that once dementia is presentation it can never be reduced to the neuropathological damage effects, instead, it is a combination of factors such as social psychology, neurological impairment, physical health, biography and personalit y. Focusing on the losses or deterioration of the patients with dementia reinforces negative perceptions, progression of dementia and its treatment. Based on several studies, self-esteem is considered as a necessity for the well being of individuals with dementia. (Thorngate, 1999).Patient-centred dementia care is concerned with establishment and maintenance of positive and supportive social environment for individuals with dementia. In the context of this care, the personhood of the individuals is established through strengthening of the individuals positive feelings, promoting the healing of psychic wound and nurturing the individuals skills or abilities. Generation and sustenance of positive interaction used singly or together, secure and stable relations, replenishes the personhood of individuals with dementia constantly.Some of the psychotherapeutic techniques that promote these relationships include: facilitation which involves providing the missing parts of action to enable t he individuals to do what they would not have done, holding which involve providing physical and psychological space for the individuals to expose vulnerability and tension, and validation which involves the accepting reality – the fact that they have dementia- and the feeling of being connected, alive and real.Actually, caring for individuals with dementia possess challenges to the care giver in all environments probably because the condition is characterized by progressive brain damage making creating difficulties in their communication, remembering things and to think clearly. Because dementia is associated with swing s in moods, and changes in behaviour and personality, the staff and other care providers should develop positive attitudes when dealing with the troubling behaviour such as aggressiveness and communication difficulties encountered while providing the care.Aggressive behaviour among individuals with dementia continues to burden and challenge the caregivers in special care units and nursing homes. It therefore means that working in such facilities increases the risks of experiencing aggression. Actually, aggression is associated with older people with cognitive impairment than individuals with no cognitive behaviour. The staffs in long-term care facility and nursing home are required to set a positive mood for interaction. The body language and attitude communicates the thought and feeling of an individual better than words.The positive mood is set by speaking to the individuals in a respectful and pleasant way. To show affection and to convey message, the staff should use tone of voice and facial expression. Studies show both positive and negative attitude of staff towards the aggressive behaviour of individuals with dementia. These two domains are consistent with the theory of planned behaviour which suggests that attitudes follow from the beliefs held by individuals about the attitude’s object just as actions and intentions foll ow from attitudes.(Ajzen, 1998, p. 32). Although the personality traits and attitudes are similar in a way, attitudes are more malleable and they can change unlike the personality traits. This means that although most of the caregivers’ attitudes toward aggressive individuals with dementia are negative, they can be changed through appropriate training. Negative and positive attitudes are associated with various forms of care used to prevent the aggressive behaviour from continuing.Acknowledging the relationship between care for individuals with dementia and attitudes, and indication of the effectiveness the positive needs-based approach in reducing aggression can prompt change in the attitudes of the staff. According to the findings of the study carried out by Nakahira et al. (2008, pp. 13 on attitudes towards dementia-related aggression among staff, staff characteristics such as level of education, years of experience, position, occupation and age are related to their attitu des. Staffs with higher position, more clinical experience and the older ones have positive attitudes towards patients’ aggression.It is therefore believed that education factors, and clinical experience influences the attitudes of the staff towards patient’s aggression hence appropriate education can be used to influence the negative attitudes of the staff towards aggressive individuals with dementia Based on the findings of the study carried out by Middleton et al. (1999) carried out to compare the staff’s attitude towards aggressive behaviour of patients with dementia in traditional unit and in special care unit, the staffs from the special care unit have sympathetic towards aggressive individuals with dementia than the staff in traditional unit.Although aggressive behaviour is more in special care unit than in traditional unit, the staff at the special care unit understands that the behaviours are part of the dementia disease thus they do not feel that the p atients intentionally directs the aggressiveness towards them as is it believed by staffs in traditional unit. Furthermore, the staffs’ attitudes and decision-making can be influenced by organisational factors. Staffs working in dementia units of gerontological and mental hospitals within acute hospitals have negative attitudes towards aggressive patients.By measuring the attitudes of staff towards aggressive individual s with dementia, areas requiring skill improvement or education can be identified and it can be used over time to monitors changes in attitudes. Staff education to change the negative attitudes should advocate that there are possibilities of unmet needs among individuals with dementia, and that aggressive behaviour is a form of communication used by the patient and that efforts to understand the message conveyed by the patient, and attempts to meet the possibly unmet needs lowers the aggression incidences.Conclusion Incidences of disruptive behavioural problem s such as agitation, aggression, rest-activity pattern and sleep wake disturbance are reported to be high in people with dementia. The specific determinants of disruptive behaviour are still unclear but predisposing factors are considered to be associated with the external factors such as the negative staff attitudes and environment. Environment has been increasingly recognized as a significant therapeutic element in care of individuals with dementia.Moreover, it is the major component in progressively lowered stress threshold model which states that the ability to adapt in individuals with dementia declines as the dementia progresses, the care givers should reduce the environmental demands to ensure that the level of the environmental demands is congruent with the abilities of individuals with dementia. Basically, disruptive behaviours are more often when the stress threshold of an individual is exceeded.Most of the intervention strategies given in the literature engage manipulatio n of physical and social environments to meet the unique needs and personalities of individuals with dementia. Patient-centred dementia care is recommended as it is based on the ethic that regardless of disabilities, all human beings have absolute value and need to be respected, and on the convictions that just like all other human beings, people with dementia are capable of living a fulfilling live.The principle central to patient-centred dementia care is that the life experience of the individuals, their network relationships and unique personalities should be valued and considered with constant attention by the staff giving the care. Staff education to change the negative attitudes should advocate that there are possibilities of unmet needs among individuals with dementia, and that aggressive behaviours are forms of communication used by the patient and that efforts to understand the message conveyed by the patient, and attempts to meet the possibly unmet needs lowers the aggress ion incidences. References: Ajzen, I (1988). Attitudes, behaviour and personality. Buckingham: Open University. Kitwood, T (1996). Building up mosaic of good practice. J DementCAre, 3, 12-13. Kitwood, T (1999). When your heart wants to remember: person- centred dementia care in RCN Nursing update. Nursing standards, 13, 1-22. Kitwood, T. (1997a). Dementia reconsidered: the person comes first. Buckingham: Open University, pp. 7-8, 91, Middle ton JI, Stewart NJ & Richardson. (1999) Caregivers distress; related to disruptive behaviours on special care units versus traditional long-term care units. Journal of Gerontological Nursing 25, 11-19. Morgan, D.G., & Stewart, N.J. (1997). The importance of the social environment in Dementia care. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 19(6), 740-761 Nakahira, Miwa, Moyle, Wedy, Creedy, Debra and Hitomi, Hiroe. (2008). Attitudes towards dementia-related aggression among staff among Japanese aged care setting. Clinical Nursing Journal, 18, 807- 816. Ryden, M, Bossenmaier, M and McLahlan, C (1991). Aggressive behaviour in cognitively impaired home residents.   Research in Nursing and Health14, 87-95. Sife, W (1998).   After stroke: enhancing quality of life. New York: Haworth, pp. 129-42 Thorngate W (1999).   Forget me not: some comments on  Ã‚  Ã‚   self-esteem among Alzheimer’s sufferers. Culture and Psychology, 5, 33-39.

Analytical Ethical Problem Solving Essay

Ethical dilemmas make us question out moral beliefs and theories, search for an understanding of what is going on below the surface.1 Klempner, G., (2008). Scenario: ‘Sally has spent the last six months working as part of a team that has developed a piece of software to control a widget grinding machine. The software is due to me completed with one week but Sally knows that it will take at least one month to fully test the software. Sally accompanies her boss, Liz, at a meeting with the client who commissioned the software. The client has just landed an important order, and s anxious that the software is delivered and installed on time. At the meeting, Sally’s boss says to the client, â€Å"Sally and the rest of the team have done an excellent job on the software. It has all of the functionality you asked for and it will be delivers and installed next week. Isn’t that right sally?† Sally knows that the software may still contain bugs that could cause the machine to malfunction and be dangerous to its operators. If Sally contradicts her boss, in form to the client she knows it will be the end of her career with that company – a well paid job that she enjoys. What should she do?’2 University of Ulster (2009). In the scenario sally face an ethical dilemma between principle and consequence. In a matter of principle the ethical theory of deontology can be used, where Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) in an essay stated that it is one’s moral duty to tell the truth regardless of consequence. Deontology also uses the golden rule; therefore as a deontology rule Sally should defy her boss and tell the client the truth despite possibly losing her job. However in a matter of consequence the ethical theory of utilitarianism coined by John Stuart Mills (1808-73) is used where the general act will promote the greatest happiness. In telling the truth Sally is morally happy with herself but runs the risk of losing her job. However Liz is unhappy as she looks like a liar and the company is deprived of income. Also the client may be disappointed and unhappy. On the other hand if Sally agrees with Liz she makes her boss and the client happy but not herself ethically although she gets to keep her job. In this scenario it is difficult to define what is â€Å"right† from what is â€Å"wrong†. It allows for ethical theories to be discussed in a logical way. Within this dilemma there is a penumbra. In an 1873 article on the theory of torts, Justice Holmes used the term penumbra to describe the â€Å"gray area where logic and principle falter.† (178 Mass. 472, 476–77, 59 N.E. 1033, 1034 [1901]).Therefore it can be easily said that generally a penumbra is an uncertain area of law. Also according to an article entitled â€Å"Obama’s Dance of Deceit – The Penumbra of Truth and Lies†, a penumbra has been used by The Supreme Court to describe privacy rights that are not explicitly found in the Constitution.

Energy Drinks Essay Research Paper Example

Energy Drinks Essay Research Paper Example Energy Drinks Essay Paper Energy Drinks Essay Paper Something I learned in my last Health category is the ever-increasing usage of today’s new â€Å"Energy Drinks. † Caffeine is the individual most used drug in America. How many of us must hold that forenoon cup of java before heading out the door? How many college pupils are remaining up tardily at dark fixing for a mid-term or concluding test by imbibe these new. all natural. safe. energy drinks? You may desire to read their labels and set your thought. You may desire to include a small research in respects to these drinks. At this clip there is no long-run research to describe on in respects to energy drinks. What we do cognize is that these drinks have a assortment of ingredients such as ginseng. aminic acids. gingko. assorted vitamins. and high sums of sugar. However. the primary active energy ingredient is caffeine. At this clip. the FDA does non modulate the sums of caffeine that are in these drinks. They suggest that within a 12-ounce drink functioning the sum of caffeine should be 68 mgs or less. A study published by the Journal of Analytical Toxicology showed that of 10 of the most popular energy drinks had every bit high as 141 mgs in one 16-ounce helping. Want to use this paper for your academic needs? Conduct free essay plagiarism check first! The undermentioned 12-ounce energy drinks showed. Monster at 120 mgs. Red Bull at 116 mgs. and Amp contained 107 mgs of caffeine. To give a comparing. expression at Coke and Pepsi. They merely contain between 34 to 38 mgs of caffeine. Energy drinks have risen significantly in popularity in the last few old ages with grosss transcending $ 3. 5 billion a twelvemonth and turning. One study states that with the new found popularity there are turning concerns of the possible wellness effects among kids. striplings. and immature grownups. It states that 30 to 50 per centum of America drinks energy drinks. Of this sum they report that one third are from the ages of 12 to 24 consume these drinks on a day-to-day footing. Due to these drinks being chilled makes them easier to devour rapidly. High doses of caffeine have been linked to ictuss. cardiac jobs. temper or behavioural upsets. and diabetes. Additionally. these jobs have been linked specifically to the ingestion of energy drinks among kids. teens. and immature grownups. There has been a turning concern amongst the medical community. parents. and school functionaries in respects to these energy drinks on our young person. Numerous studies are being found to the inauspicious affects these high caffeine drinks are responsible for. The Illinois Poison Control Center reported in a recent study of more than 250 instances of caffeine overdose in a three-year period. The mean age of these histories was 21. A physician from California studies that an 18 twelvemonth immature adult male received intervention for an unnatural bosom beat after devouring eight 16-ounce energy drinks per flushing to stay watchful during his dark occupation. Another turning concern is the usage of these energy drinks as a sociable with intoxicant. A survey from 2006 showed that the persons surveyed were merely every bit impaired in motor coordination and reaction clip as persons imbibing intoxicant entirely. As stated earlier. there is non much grounds on the effects of long-run usage of caffeine on kids or adolescents. It is known that it can make physiological and psychological dependance in grownups. This being true. we must make everything possible to protect our kids from these non-regulated drinks. We need to take a firm stand on more research to be conducted in order to better inform the populace of the effects of the ingestion of these highly-caffeinated energy drinks and the inauspicious effects they have on our young person. ( Word Count 606 ) Flores. D. ( 2011. 03 16 ) . Health Effect of Energy Drinks on Children. Adolescents. and Young Adults. Retrieved 07 12. 2012. from ArticlesBase. com: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. articlesbase. com/wellness-articles/health-effects-of-energy-drinks-on-children-adolescents-and-young-adults-4423299. hypertext markup language.

List of Supplies for High School Students

List of Supplies for High School Students One of the best ways to  be successful in high school is to have  a complete set of study items on hand. Not only will you be prepared for just about every assignment, youll also avoid time-consuming last-minute trips to the store.   General Supplies for All Grades Some supplies are necessary to have  year after year, no matter what grade youre in. Right before the new school year begins, invest in these items and youll be good to go. You dont have to spend a lot of money to have a full stock of supplies. Many of these items can be found at dollar and other discount stores. Backpack3-ring binderPocket foldersNotebook DividersColored pencilsNo. 2 pencilsErasersPencil sharpenerPencil casePensHighlightersMarkersLined notebook paperGraph paperSpiral notebooksComputer printer paperFlash driveGlue stickHand sanitizerLocker organizersOrganizer/plannerPaper clipsScissorsStapler3-hole punchPoster paintsPoster paperPublic library card Extra supplies might be necessary as well but will differ from school to school and class to class. Check with your teachers for specifics. Supplies for 9th  Grade Students beginning their first year of high school may take a variety of classes. Depending on your course schedule, supplies may vary. Algebra I Scientific calculator with fraction key Geometry Scientific calculator with fraction keyCircular protractorRuler marked with inches and centimetersCompass Foreign Language 3x5 colored index cardsForeign language dictionary  (or  smartphone app)Electronic translator (or smartphone app) Supplies for 10th  Grade Many students are likely to take the following classes in 10th  grade. Depending on your course schedule, supplies may vary. Algebra II Scientific calculator with fraction key Geometry Scientific calculator with fraction keyCircular protractorRuler marked with inches and centimetersCompass Foreign Language 3x5 colored index cardsForeign language dictionary  (or  smartphone app)Electronic translator (or smartphone app) Supplies for 11th Grade Juniors should be prepared for typical 11th-grade classes by having these supplies on hand: Biology II Science/Biology dictionary (or  smartphone app) Calculus Graphing calculator, such as TI-83 or 86 Accounting Four-function calculator with percent key Foreign Language 3x5 colored index cardsForeign language dictionary (or  smartphone app)Electronic translator (or smartphone app) Supplies for 12th  Grade Plan for these typical senior-year classes with the following items: Marketing Four-function calculator with percent key Statistics Scientific calculator with fraction key Chemistry or Physics Scientific calculator Foreign Language 3x5 colored index cardsForeign language dictionary (or  smartphone app)Electronic translator (or smartphone app) Additional Supplies If your familys budget allows, these items will also be helpful in your studies: Laptop or Notebook Computer: You will likely have access to a computer lab on campus or at the public library, but a laptop or notebook computer with a click-on keyboard will allow you to do your work anywhere.Smartphone:  While your teachers will likely not allow phones in the classroom, having access to a smartphone will enable you to use a wealth of education-related apps and websites.Printer/Scanner:  Although you may be able to print your work out on your schools printers, having one at home is much more convenient- and it will allow you to check your work more easily. Make sure to get one with scanning capabilities. Scanners can be used to  create study guides from your books, which will help you in everything from preparing for tests to writing a research paper.Post-Itâ„ ¢ Easel Pads:  This item is useful for brainstorming, especially in a study-group setting. Its basically a pad of giant sticky notes that you can fill with ideas and list items and then stick to a  wall or any other surface.   Smartpen by Livescribe:  This is a favorite tool for math students, who may get it during a lecture in class, but then lose it when they sit down to work the problems on their own. The Smartpen  will allow you to  record a lecture while taking notes, and then afterward  place the pen tip on any word or drawing and listen to the part of the lecture that was taking place when those notes were recorded.

Modern Art, Culture and Issues of Class and Gender Essay

Modern Art, Culture and Issues of Class and Gender - Essay Example The essay "Modern Art, Culture and Issues of Class and Gender" investigates culture and modern art, issues of class and gender. Still we see such cases in our daily life involving gender and class discrimination. Though we have stepped into 21st century but our society is still male dominated. Women are not given equal rights to most of the parts of this world. Gender discrimination is most common issue in both urban and rural areas, though a bit high in rural areas of different countries of the world. On the other hand class discrimination has little suppressed due to literacy and education among people but till today people are categorized in classes on religion, money and power basis. Hinduism class system is an existing example. Here we are discussing the art work of three different artists, all portraying visual culture and all pin pointing the class and gender issues in our society. Ewa Lajer-Burcharth is a professor at Harvard University of fine arts major of history of arts a nd architecture. She is also an author of numerous writings. Her renowned work Necklines: The Art of Jacques-Louis David after the Terror is one great achievement. In this work she describes the masterpiece of the French painter Jacques-Louis David. This painting portrays the height of brutality done with Sabine women during the French revolution. Ewa has done justice with this artwork by giving proper details and the main message of the artwork. She has not only cited this but also the crisis of professional life. of Jacques-Louis David. The book starts with keen examination of the artwork produced by David in the prison which the author thinks is his self-representation, the inner him. Further on she discusses the involvement and the memories of the artist in the revolution, which revolves around the Sabine Women. She collected the preparatory drawing of the actual painting from his sketch book. She has discussed the body language and body construction beautifully. This art work l ed to major changes in the history of gender relation in French society and their laws. Coming on Linda Nochlin, she is an American professor, art historian and a writer. She is notable by the fact that she dedicated all her work in representing the true image of a woman. We are discussing one of her famous work named as Dealing with Degas: Representations of Women and the Politics of Vision.  This work talks about certain collection of art pieces interrelated to each other. Linda Nochlin wrote a part in it which discusses The Bellelli Family, especially women of this family. It represents the picture of a woman whose core interest was to pinch the burning question of that time which was gender discrimination. Linda Nochlin has done a marvelous job in describing the Degas artwork, a woman is no less equal to a man and there is no house which can be home without her. The artwork of Degas shows that there was a passionless relation and an emotional disjunction between family’ s man and woman. Last but not the least, coming onto the third book â€Å"The Painting of Modern Life: Paris in the Art of Manet and His Followers† by T.J. Clark who is an historian and also a writer. This book discusses mainly the artwork of Edouard Manet and his followers. Manet without discriminating on class has portrayed the image of the bar-maids and courtesan. Through the nudity, he displayed the equality of women over the men of the society. His every art piece speaks for the freedom of women. T.J. Clarks in the book explains

Modern Philosophy Final Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Modern Philosophy Final - Assignment Example With regard to this question, I at least know with certainty that such things may exist, in as far as they constitute the object of the pure mathematics, since, regarding them in this aspect, I can conceive them clearly and distinctly† (Descartes 111). Descartes comes to know that he gains knowledge of material objects through sense perception, but since sense perception is by nature, deceptive, how can Descartes prove that material objects exist independent of his mind? Herein, he uses the process of elimination to find out what causes his ideas of material bodies, and whether they can exist independent of his mind. In doing so, he first claims that he cannot be the cause of such material bodies, for it would go against his nature and freewill as a thinking substance. The cogito proves only that he exists as a thinking substance, but it does prove anything about his body. In addition, God cannot be the cause either, for these ideas I have of material bodies are mere adventitio us ideas, which are based on sense perception, which are by nature, deceptive. He now knows that God is no deceiver. Therefore, material objects exist insofar as the idea he has of such objects is caused by the objects themselves. As Descartes claims, â€Å"nothing was so likely to occur to my mind as the supposition that the objects were similar to the ideas which they caused† (113). Thus, material objects exist independent of his mind, since its cause must have as much reality to its effect. However, this does not mean that material objects exist as his senses tell them to be. So what then is the true nature of material objects? Herein, Descartes observed a piece of wax and identified its qualities, that is, its color, taste, smell, texture and sound; all of which we come to know through our bodily senses. But when he puts this piece of wax on fire, all those qualities that he observed, changed. Nevertheless, he knows for certain that it is still the same piece of wax, so s omething must have remained so as to consider this wax as the same piece of wax. Thus, Descartes identifies certain primary qualities of the piece of wax, which remain constant, namely: figure, the capacity for change, and spatial extension. These primary qualities are what define the true nature of the piece of wax, and for all material objects and physical substances. What he initially perceived through his senses are mere secondary qualities of the object, which do not belong to the object itself, but are mere sensations and come from within him. In this regard, Descartes is now aware of the distinction between mental and physical substances, that is, mind and matter. According to Descartes, God created these two kinds of substances totally different from one another. Mental substances or the mind, is a thinking thing, has consciousness and is morally responsible for its thoughts. It is not spatially extended and has no capacity for motion, and has free will. On the other hand, p hysical substances or matter, has no consciousness, is subject to mechanical motion, is determined and is spatially extended. These two substances are two mutually exclusive entities, which are independent from each other. In other words, mind cannot be matter and matter cannot be mind. This leads to Descartes’ metaphysical dualism, which claims that there exists a two-fold reality,

Reality TV in relation to television Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reality TV in relation to television - Essay Example As mentioned earlier, the concept of surveillance society has influenced reality TV greatly due to the relationship that exists between the two (Lyon, 2001). For most of the time, TV shows come to the audience in a well scripted and practiced format. Because of this, it becomes very difficult to know what actually takes place in the lives of participants in a very normal life situation. Because such forms of TV programmes are the commonest, the audience finds it difficult to satisfy their surveillance society demands, which demands that they will know what goes on in the lives of people as realistic agents of society. In a study, Trottier (2011) noted that most audiences are constantly looking for the answer to the question of how other people will behave if the people found themselves in situations that audience found themselves in real life. To get a candid answer to such questions, social surveillance becomes the tool that can be used. This is because the concept of surveillance s ociety requires that people will be monitored in their most natural environments. Using reality TV shows â€Å"Big Brother UK†, audience come face to face with how other people behave in everyday natural situations. Basing on Foucault’s idea of a panopticon, however, reality TV may be subdivided into those that inmates are aware they are being surveyed and those that they are not. This is because, from the concept of a panopticon, those who are being monitored are not expected to be aware that there is any surveillance on them.